Measurements of magnetic-field-induced torque in applied uniform rotating magnetic fields are presented and compared to theoretical analyses for water- and oil-based ferrofluids. These experiments measure the viscous torque on the inner wall of a stationary hollow polycarbonate spindle that is completely filled with ferrofluid and attached to a viscometer functioning as a torque meter. The spindle remains stationary and is centered inside a three-phase AC 2-pole motor stator winding, creating uniform time-varying rotating magnetic fields. The viscous torque is measured as a function of magnetic field amplitude, frequency, and direction of rotation. These measurements demonstrate that ferrofluid flow and torque are present even in the absence of free surfaces and agree with a recently derived analysis of the torque during spin-up flow of ferrofluids.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
torque measurement,
magnetic fluids,
viscosity,
magnetohydrodynamics,
rotational flow,
two-phase flow
Topics:
Ferrofluids,
Flow (Dynamics),
Magnetic fields,
Rotation,
Torque,
Water,
Particle spin,
Magnetization,
Fluids
1.
R. E. Rosensweig, 1997, Ferrohydrodynamics. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
2.
Shen
, L. F.
, Stachowiak
, A.
, Fateen
, S. E. K.
, Laibinis
, P. E.
, and Hatton
, T. A.
, 2001
, “Structure of alkanoic acid stabilized magnetic fluids. A small-angle neutron and light scattering analysis
,” Langmuir
, 17
, pp. 288
–299
.3.
Pere´z-Castillejos
, R.
, Plaza
, J. A.
, Esteve
, J.
, Losantos
, P.
, Acero
, M. C.
, Cane
, C.
, and Serra-Mestres
, F.
, 2000
, “The use of ferrofluids in micromechanics
,” Sensors and Actuators A-Physical
, 84
, pp. 176
–180
.4.
Menz, A., Benecke, W., Pe´rez-Castillejos, R., Plaza, J. A., Esteve, J., Garcia, N., Higuero, J., and Diez-Caballero, T., 2000, “Fluidic components based on ferrofluids,” presented at 1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS, Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology, Lyon, France.
5.
Hatch
, A.
, Kamholz
, A. E.
, Holman
, G.
, Yager
, P.
, and Bohringer
, K. F.
, 2001
, “A ferrofluidic magnetic micropump
,” J. Microelectromech. Syst.
, 10
, pp. 215
–221
.6.
Berger
, M.
, Castelino
, J.
, Huang
, R.
, Shah
, M.
, and Austin
, R. H.
, 2001
, “Design of a microfabricated magnetic cell separator
,” Electrophoresis
, 22
, pp. 3883
–3892
.7.
Zahn
, M.
, 2001
, “Magnetic fluid and nanoparticle applications to nanotechnology
,” J. Nanoparticle Res.
, 3
, pp. 73
–78
.8.
Roger
, J.
, Pons
, J. N.
, Massart
, R.
, Halbreich
, A.
, and Bacri
, J. C.
, 1999
, “Some biomedical applications of ferrofluids
,” Eur. Phys. J.: Appl. Phys.
, 5
, pp. 321
–325
.9.
Ramchand
, C. N.
, Pande
, P.
, Kopcansky
, P.
, and Mehta
, R. V.
, 2001
, “Application of magnetic fluids in medicine and biotechnology
,” Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys.
, 39
, pp. 683
–686
.10.
Moskowitz
, R.
, and Rosensweig
, R. E.
, 1967
, “Nonmechanical Torque Driven Flow in Magnetic Suspensions
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 11
, pp. 1967
1967
.11.
Brown
, R.
, and Horsnell
, T. S.
, 1969
, “The wrong way round
,” Electrical Review
, 183
, pp. 235
235
.12.
Kagan
, I. Y.
, Rykov
, V. G.
, and Yantovskii
, E. I.
, 1973
, “Flow of a dielectric ferromagnetic suspension in a rotating magnetic field
,” Magnitnaya Gidrodynamika
, 9
, pp. 135
–137
.13.
Calugaru
, G. H.
, Cotae
, C.
, Badescu
, R.
, Badescu
, V.
, and Luca
, E.
, 1976
, “A new aspect of the movement of ferrofluids in a rotating magnetic field
,” Reviews in Roumanian Physics
, 21
, pp. 439
–440
.14.
Rosensweig, R. E., and Johnston, R. J., 1989, “Aspects of magnetic fluid flow with nonequilibrium magnetization,” in Continuum Mechanics and its Applications, C. A. C. Graham and S. K. Malik, Eds.: Hemisphere Publishing Company, 1989, pp. 707–729.
15.
Rosensweig
, R. E.
, Popplewell
, J.
, and Johnston
, R. J.
, 1990
, “Magnetic fluid motion in rotating field
,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
, 85
, pp. 171
–180
.16.
Zaitsev
, V. M.
, and Shliomis
, M. I.
, 1969
, “Entrainment of ferromagnetic suspension by a rotating field
,” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys.
, 10
, pp. 696
–700
.17.
Glazov
, O. A.
, 1975
, “Motion of a ferrosuspension in rotating magnetic fields
,” Magnitnaya Gidrodynamika
, 11
, pp. 16
–22
.18.
Glazov
, O. A.
, 1975
, “Role of higher harmonics in ferrosuspension motion in a rotating magnetic field
,” Magnitnaya Gidrodynamika
, 11
, pp. 31
31
.19.
Glazov
, O. A.
, 1982
, “Velocity profiles for magnetic fluids in rotating magnetic fields
,” Magnitnaya Gidrodynamika
, 18
, pp. 27
27
.20.
Glazov
, O. A.
, 1990
, “Dynamics of magnetic fluids in rotating magnetic fields
,” Magnitnaya Gidrodynamika
, 26
, pp. 83
–88
.21.
Bozorth, R. M., 1951, Ferromagnetism. New York, NY: IEEE Press.
22.
Shliomis
, M. I.
, 1974
, “Magnetic fluids
,” Sov. Phys. Usp.
, 17
, pp. 156
156
.23.
Onsager
, L.
, 1936
, “Electric Moments of Molecules in Liquids
,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, 58
, pp. 1486
–1493
.24.
Shliomis
, M. I.
, 1972
, “Effective viscosity of magnetic suspensions
,” Sov. Phys. JETP
, 34
, pp. 1291
–1294
.25.
Felderhof
, B. U.
, 2000
, “Magnetoviscosity and relaxation in ferrofluids
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 62
, pp. 3848
–3854
.26.
Shliomis
, M. I.
, 2001
, “Comment on Magnetoviscosity and relaxation in ferrofluids
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 6406
.27.
Felderhof, B. U., 2001, “Reply to Comment on ‘Magnetoviscosity and relaxation in ferrofluids,’ ” Phys. Rev. E, 6406.
28.
Lehlooh
, A. F.
, Mahmood
, S. H.
, and Williams
, J. M.
, 2002
, “On the particle size dependence of the magnetic anisotropy energy constant
,” Physica B
, 321
, pp. 159
–162
.29.
Melcher, J. R., 1981, Continuum Electromechanics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
30.
Dahler
, J. S.
, and Scriven
, L. E.
, 1963
, “Theory of structured continua I. General consideration of angular momentum and polarization
,” Proc. R. Soc. London
, 276
, pp. 504
–527
.31.
Rinaldi, C., 2002 “Continuum Modeling of Polarizable Systems,” Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
32.
Brenner
, H.
, 1970
, “Rheology of two-phase systems
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 2
, pp. 137
–176
.33.
Rinaldi
, C.
, and Zahn
, M.
, 2002
, “Effects of spin viscosity on ferrofluid flow profiles in alternating and rotating magnetic fields
,” Phys. Fluids
, 14
, pp. 2847
–2870
.Copyright © 2004
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
