A two fluid Eulerian-liquid Eulerian-gas (ELEG) model for diesel sprays is developed. It is employed to carry out computations for diesel sprays under a wide range of ambient and injection conditions. Computed and measured results are compared to assess the accuracy of the model in the far field, i.e., at axial distances greater than 300 orifice diameters, and in the near field, i.e., at axial distances less than 100 orifice diameters. In the far field, the comparisons are of drop mean velocities and drop fluctuation velocities and in the near field they are of entrainment velocities and entrainment constants. Adequate agreement is obtained quantitatively, within 30 percent, and qualitatively as parameters are changed. Unlike in traditional Lagrangian-drop Eulerian-fluid (LDEF) approaches that are employed for diesel spray computations, adequate resolution can be employed in the near field to achieve numerical grid independence when the two-fluid model is employed. A major source of uncertainty in the near field is in the modeling of liquid jet breakup and atomization.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Dukowicz
, J. K.
, 1980
, “A Particle-Fluid-Numerical Model for Liquid Sprays
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 35
(2
), pp. 229
–253
.2.
O’Rourke, P. J., and Bracco, F. V., 1980, “Modeling of Drop Interactions in Thick Sprays and Comparison with Experiments,” The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Publication 1980-9, pp. 101–116.
3.
Abraham, J., 1997, “What is Adequate Resolution in the Numerical Computations of Transient Jets?” Transactions of the SAE, 106(3), pp. 141–155.
4.
Iyer
, V. A.
, and Abraham
, J.
, 1997
, “Penetration and Dispersion of Transient Gas Jets and Sprays
,” Combust. Sci. Technol.
, 130
, pp. 315
–335
.5.
Aneja
, R.
, and Abraham
, J.
, 1998
, “How Far Does the Liquid Penetrate in a Diesel Engine: Computed Results vs. Measurements?
” Combust. Sci. Technol.
, 138
, pp. 233
–255
.6.
Subramaniam, S., and O’Rourke, P. J., 1998, “Numerical Convergence of the KIVA-3 Code for Sprays and Its Implications for Modeling,” Los Alamos Laboratory Report UR-98-5465, Los Alamos, NM.
7.
Iyer
, V. A.
, Abraham
, J.
, and Magi
, V.
, 2001
, “Exploring Injected Droplet Size Effects on Steady Liquid Penetration in Diesel Spray With a Two-Fluid Model
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 45
, pp. 519
–531
.8.
Iyer
, V. A.
, Post
, S. L.
, and Abraham
, J.
, 2000, “Is the Liquid Penetration in Diesel Sprays Mixing Controlled?” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 28, pp. 1111–1118.9.
Ishii, M., 1975, Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Theory of Two-Phase Flows, Eyrolles, Paris.
10.
Drew
, D. A.
, 1983
, “Mathematical Modeling of Two-Phase Flow
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 15
, pp. 261
–291
.11.
Crowe, C., Sommerfed, M., and Tsuji, Y., 1998, Multiphase Flows With Droplets and Particles, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
12.
Iyer, V. A., 2001, “Modeling of Diesel Sprays Using an Eulerian-Liquid Eulerian-Gas Two-Fluid Model,” Ph.D. dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
13.
Csanady
, G. T.
, 1963
, “Turbulent Diffusion of Heavy Particles in the Atmosphere
,” J. Atmos. Sci.
, 105
, pp. 329
–334
.14.
Issa, R. I., and Oliveira, P. J., 1996, “Validation of Two-Fluid Mixing in Shear-Free Mixing Layer,” Proceedings of the Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, ASME, New York, 1, pp. 113–120.
15.
Chan
, S. H.
, and Abou-Ellail
, M. M. M.
, 1994
, “A Two-Fluid Model for Reacting Turbulent Two-Phase Flows
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 116
, pp. 427
–435
.16.
Launder
, B. E.
, and Spalding
, D. B.
, 1974
, “The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows
,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng.
, 3
, pp. 269
–289
.17.
Abraham
, J.
, and Magi
, V.
, 1998
, “Computations of Jets-RNG vs. Standard k-ε Model
,” SAE Trans.
, 106
(3
), pp. 1442
–1452
.18.
Reitz
, R. D.
, 1987, “Modeling Atomization Processes in High Pressure Vaporizing Sprays,” Atomization and Spray Technology, 3, pp. 309–337.19.
Beale
, J. C.
, and Reitz
, R. D.
, 1999
, “Modeling Spray Atomization With the Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor Hybrid Model
,” Atomization Sprays
, 9
, pp. 623
–650
.20.
Gidaspow, D., 1984, Multiphase Flow and Fluidization: Continuum and Kinetic Theory Descriptions, McGraw-Hill, New York.
21.
O’Rourke, P. J., 1981, “Collective Drop Effects on Vaporizing Liquid Sprays,” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
22.
Patankar
, S. V.
, and Spalding
, D. B.
, 1972
, “A Calculation Procedure for Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer in Three-Dimensional Parabolic Flows
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 15
, pp. 1787
–1806
.23.
Liles
, D. R.
, and Reed
, W. H.
, 1978
, “A Semi-Implicit Method for Two-Phase Fluid Dynamics
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 26
, pp. 390
–407
.24.
Magi, V., 1987, “REC-87: A New 3-D Code for Flows, Sprays and Combustion in Reciprocating and Rotary Engines,” Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Report 1793, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
25.
Patankar, S. V., 1980, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Hemisphere, Washington DC.
26.
Wu
, K. J.
, Santavicca
, A.
, Bracco
, F. V.
, and Coghe
, A.
, 1984
, “LDV Measurements of Drop Velocity in Diesel-Type Sprays
,” AIAA J.
, 22
(9
), pp. 1263
–1270
.27.
Cossali, G. E., Berlaano, A., Coghe, A., and Brunello, G., 1996, “Effect of Gas Density and Temperature on Air Entrainment in a Transient Diesel Spray,” SAE Paper 960862.
28.
Andriani
, R.
, Coghe
, A.
, and Cossali
, G.
, 1996, “Near-Field Entrainment in Unsteady Gas Jets and Diesel Sprays: A Comparative Study,” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 26, pp. 2549–2556.29.
Witze, P. O., 1980, “The Impulsively Started Incompressible Turbulent Jet,” Sandia Laboratories Energy Report SAND80-8617, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA.
30.
Post
, S. L.
, Iyer
, V. A.
, and Abraham
, J.
, 2000
, “A Study of Near-Field Entrainment in Gas Jets and Sprays Under Diesel Conditions
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 122
, pp. 385
–395
.31.
Naber, J. D., and Siebers, D. L., 1996, “Effects of Gas Density and Vaporization on Penetration and Dispersion of Diesel Sprays,” SAE Paper 960034.
32.
Abraham
, J.
, 1996
, “Entrainment Characteristics of Transient Gas Jets
,” Numer. Heat Transfer
, 30
, pp. 347
–364
.33.
Ricou
, F.
, and Spalding
, D.
, 1961
, “Measurements of Entrainment by Axisymmetrical Turbulent Jets
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 11
, pp. 21
–32
.Copyright © 2003
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
