Direct Numerical Simulation of turbulent flow requires accurate numerical techniques for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. Therefore, the Navier-Stokes equations in general orthogonal and nonorthogonal coordinates were employed and a simultaneous variable solution method was extended to solve these general governing equations. The present numerical method can be used to accurately predict both laminar and turbulent flow in various curved channels and bends. To demonstrate the capability of this numerical method and to verify the method, the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were employed and several turbulence models were also implemented into the numerical solution procedure to predict flows with strong streamline curvature effects. The results from the present numerical solution procedure were compared with available experimental data for a 90 deg bend. All of the turbulence models implemented resulted in predicted velocity profiles which were in agreement with the trends of experimental data. This indicates that the solution method is a viable numerical method for calculating complex flows. [S0098-2202(00)01803-4]

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
computational fluid dynamics, flow simulation, Navier-Stokes equations, channel flow, turbulence, laminar flow
Topics:
Turbulence
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