Optimization-Based Energy Management Strategy for a 48-V Mild Parallel Hybrid Electric Power System

The application of a 48-V mild hybrid powertrain system is one of the eco-friendly technologies for global CO₂ reduction in the present sector of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It is well known that the energy management strategy is crucial for improving the fuel economy of the HEVs. Therefore, the strengths and the limitations of dynamic programming (DP) global optimization strategy and adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for this kind of powertrain system under new European driving cycle (NEDC) and federal test procedure (FTP75) driving cycles are discussed in this paper. The results of the DP global optimization solution have also been adopted as a reference for evaluating the degree of optimality of real-time controllers. The reference start of charge (SOC) was found to be a very important parameter for the real-time ECMS approach. Thus, an adaptive ECMS approach using the SOC obtained from DP global optimization algorithm as a reference SOC in real-time ECMS control was studied. The study results in this paper may provide some theoretical support for future energy management optimization of a 48-V mild hybrid parallel powertrain system.