A field-use induced damage mapping methodology is presented that can take into consideration the field-use thermal environment profile to develop accelerated thermal cycling guidelines for packages intended to be used in military avionics thermal environment. The board-level assembly process mechanics and critical geometric features with appropriate material models are taken into consideration while developing the methodology. The models developed are validated against in-house and published accelerated thermal cycling experimental data. The developed mapping methodology is employed to design alternate accelerated thermal cycles by matching the creep and plastic strain contributions to total inelastic strain accumulation in solder under military field-use and accelerated thermal cycling environments, while reducing the time for accelerated thermal cycling and qualification.

1.
Suhir
,
E.
,
2002
, “
Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) in Microelectronics and Photonics: Its Role, Attributes, Challenges, Pitfalls, and Interaction With Qualification Tests
,”
ASME J. Electron. Packag.
,
124
(
3
), September, pp.
281
291
.
2.
Eason, M., Lutter, R. N., and Smith, T. C., 2001, “Specification Reform of Avionics Thermal Design Criteria–An F-15 Case Study,” 31st International Conference on Environmental Systems, Orlando, Florida, July 9–12.
3.
Cluff, K. D., Bui, D. X., and Barker, D. B., 1998, “Verifying the Temperature Requirements of Electronic Components From Measured Thermal History,” ASME IMECE, Anaheim, CA, November.
4.
Darveaux
,
R.
, and
Banerji
,
K.
,
1992
, “
Constitutive Relations for Tin-Based Solder Joints
,”
IEEE Trans. Compon., Hybrids, Manuf. Technol.
,
15
(
6
), pp.
1013
1024
.
5.
Tunga, K., Pyland, J., Pucha, R. V., and Sitaraman, S. K., 2002, “Study on the Choice of Constitutive and Fatigue Models in Solder Joint Life Prediction,” Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 17–22, New Orleans, IMECE 2002/EPP-39676.
6.
Ju, S. H., Kuskowski, S., Sandor, B., and Plesha, M. E., 1994, “Creep-Fatigue Damage Analysis of Solder Joints,” Fatigue of Electronic Materials, ASTM STP 1153, S. A. Schroeder and M. R. Mitchell, eds., pp. 1–21.
7.
Garofalo, F., 1965, Fundamentals of Creep and Creep-Rupture in Metals, The Macmillan Company, New York, NY.
8.
SRC/CINDAS Microelectronics Packaging Materials Database, Sept. 1995 release.
9.
Anand
,
L.
,
1985
, “
Constitutive Equations for Hot-Working of Metals
,”
Int. J. Plast.
,
1
(
3
), pp.
213
231
.
10.
Wang
,
G. Z.
,
Cheng
,
Z. N.
,
Becker
,
K.
, and
Wilde
,
J.
,
2001
, “
Applying Anand Model to Represent the Viscoplastic Deformation Behavior of Solder Alloys
,”
ASME J. Electron. Packag.
,
123
(
3
), September, pp.
247
253
.
11.
Darveaux, R., 1997, “Solder Joint Fatigue Life Model,” Proc. Symp. Design and Reliability of Solders and Solder Interconnections, TMS Annual Meeting, Minerals, Metals & Materials Soc, Orlando, FL, pp. 10–13.
12.
Interconnection Technology Research Institute, 1998, “Ball Grid Array Packaging Guidelines, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,” California Inst. Tech., Aug.
13.
Knecht, S., and Fox, L., 1991, “Integrated Matrix Creep: Application to Accelerated Testing and Lifetime Prediction,” Solder Joint Reliability—Theory and Applications, J. Lau, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 508–544.
14.
Pyland
,
J.
,
Pucha
,
R. V.
, and
Sitaraman
,
S. K.
,
2002
, “
Thermo-Mechanical Reliability of Underfilled BGA Packages
,”
IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manufac.
,
25
(
2
), pp.
100
106
.
15.
Dowling, N. E., 1993, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
16.
Classe, F., and Sitaraman, S. K., 2003, “Asymmetric Accelerated Thermal Cycles: An Alternative Approach to Accelerated Reliability Assessment of Microelectronic Packages,” Proceedings of EPTC 2003, 5th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference, IEEE-CPMT and IMAPS, Dec. 10–12, 2003, Singapore, pp. 81–89.
17.
Mirman
,
B.
,
2002
, “
Impact of Low Temperatures on Solder Joint Failures
,”
ASME J. Electron. Packag.
,
124
(
2
), June, pp.
135
137
.
18.
Engelmaier
,
W.
,
1990
, “
The Use Environments of Electronic Assemblies and Their Impact on Surface Mount Solder Attachment Reliability
,”
IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Manuf. Technol., Part A
,
13
(
4
), pp.
903
908
.
19.
Pucha
,
R. V.
,
Pyland
,
J.
, and
Sitaraman
,
S. K.
,
2001
, “
Damage Metric-Based Mapping Approaches for Developing Accelerated Thermal Cycling Guidelines for Electronic Packages
,”
Int. J. Damage Mech.
,
10
, July, pp.
214
234
.
20.
Sitaraman
,
S. K.
,
Raghunathan
,
R.
, and
Hanna
,
C. E.
,
2000
, “
Development of Virtual Reliability Methodology for Area-Array Devices Used in Implantable and Automotive Applications
,”
IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Technol.
,
23
(
3
), September, pp.
452
461
.
You do not currently have access to this content.