Heterogeneous functional materials, e.g., “HeteroFoaMs” are at the heart of countless energy systems, including heat storage materials, batteries, solid oxide fuel cells, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells. HeteroFoaMs are generally nanostructured and porous to accommodate transport of gasses or fluids, and must be multifunctional (i.e., active operators on mass, momentum, energy, or charge, in combinations). This paper will discuss several aspects of modeling the relationships between the constituents and microstructure of these material systems and their device functionalities. Technical advances based on these relationships will also be identified and discussed. Three major elements of the general problem of how to model HeteroFoaM electrodes will be addressed. Modeling approaches for ionic charge transfer with electrochemistry in the nanostructured porosity of the electrode will be discussed. Second, the effect of morphology and space charge on conduction through porous doped ceria particle assemblies, and their role in electrode processes will be modeled and described. And third, the effect of local heterogeneity and morphology on charge distributions and polarization in porous dielectric electrode materials will be analyzed using multiphysics field equations set on the details of local morphology. Several new analysis methods and results, as well as experimental data relating to these approaches will be presented. The value, capabilities, and limitations of the approaches will be evaluated.
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e-mail: wchiu@engr.uconn.edu
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February 2012
This article was originally published in
Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology
Research Papers
HeteroFoaMs: Electrode Modeling in Nanostructured Heterogeneous Materials for Energy Systems
W. K. S. Chiu,
W. K. S. Chiu
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
e-mail: wchiu@engr.uconn.edu
University of Connecticut, Storrs
, CT 06269-3139
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A. V. Virkar,
A. V. Virkar
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City
, UT 84112
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F. Zhao,
F. Zhao
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City
, UT 84112
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K. L. Reifsnider,
K. L. Reifsnider
HeteroFoaM Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of South Carolina, Columbia
, SC 29208
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G. J. Nelson,
G. J. Nelson
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Connecticut, Storrs
, CT 06269-3139
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F. Rabbi,
F. Rabbi
HeteroFoaM Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of South Carolina
, Columbia, SC 29208
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Q. Liu
Q. Liu
HeteroFoaM Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of South Carolina
, Columbia, SC 29208
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W. K. S. Chiu
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Connecticut, Storrs
, CT 06269-3139e-mail: wchiu@engr.uconn.edu
A. V. Virkar
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City
, UT 84112
F. Zhao
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City
, UT 84112
K. L. Reifsnider
HeteroFoaM Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of South Carolina, Columbia
, SC 29208
G. J. Nelson
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Connecticut, Storrs
, CT 06269-3139
F. Rabbi
HeteroFoaM Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of South Carolina
, Columbia, SC 29208
Q. Liu
HeteroFoaM Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of South Carolina
, Columbia, SC 29208J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. Feb 2012, 9(1): 011019 (6 pages)
Published Online: December 27, 2011
Article history
Received:
September 7, 2011
Revised:
September 18, 2011
Online:
December 27, 2011
Published:
December 27, 2011
Citation
Chiu, W. K. S., Virkar, A. V., Zhao, F., Reifsnider, K. L., Nelson, G. J., Rabbi, F., and Liu, Q. (December 27, 2011). "HeteroFoaMs: Electrode Modeling in Nanostructured Heterogeneous Materials for Energy Systems." ASME. J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. February 2012; 9(1): 011019. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4005142
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