World energy consumption in 2040 is estimated to be 1.7 × 1017 W-hr/year. Solar energy will provide about 10% of this world energy consumption while replacing coal and oil. In this chapter, incoming solar energy that is processed in a solar collector to energize flowing water will be optimized for energy usage as shown in Figure 8-1. This solar energy usage optimization process starts with the knowledge of solar radiation energy that is available at a particular location and at a particular time on Earth. Hourly averaged direct and diffuse solar energy measured data, shown in Figure 8-2, that are incident on a horizontal surface at Fort Peck, Montana on 16 July 2015 will be used, see Ref. [12], (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Solar Radiation Database).