16. A Decision-Centric Framework for Modeling Evolutionary Complex Systems

The human society is facing new challenges, such as cyber-security, environmental safety, and energy sustainability, which cannot be solved by a single engineering product or system. When seeking ways to address the challenges in order to meet fundamental human needs, the solutions often lead to large-scale complex systems. In complex systems, there are large numbers of interactive entities that work together to form a system of value greater than the sum of the individuals.