The objective of this chapter is to provide some highlights on the recent issues and lessons learned by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for the safety related and safety significant nuclear power plant components, which utilize the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes, Sections III and XI. These include issues related to 2011 Japan Earthquake that directly impacted the Fukushima Nuclear Plant, and also led the regulatory bodies worldwide to take a closer look at the emergency systems for any needed changes for beyond the design basis events. This chapter also provides some information on environmental assisted fatigue of nuclear...