High hardness, Lack of ductility, and low resistance to thermal shock, often result in low material removal rate and subsurface damage, which may lead to a spontaneous fracture during machining for engineering ceramics. Ultrasonic machining is a mechanical material removal method that is appropriate to create holes in hard and brittle materials by means of an ultrasonically vibrating properly-shaped tool and abrasive slurry. In this article modal analysis is used to choose the best shape for wave transfer which is called horn. A desktop CNC milling machine is used to create feed motion on ultrasonic head. Effects of input factors:...