170 Neuron Synapse by Quantum Mechanics Available to Purchase

Mainstream theory of neurons is based on chemical signaling by neurotransmitters (NTs) injected into the cleft by exocytosis. The NTs comprise submicron vesicles containing small molecules or neuropeptides that may be treated as biological nanoparticles (NP). But the NPs having diameters from 20–250 nm are generally larger than the 20–50 nm cleft, and therefore the NP vesicles are required to fuse with the presynaptic cell membrane prior to exocytosis. Chemical signaling is based on by the “lock and key” mechanism of olfaction whereby the postsynaptic receptors (lock) only accept the precise shape of the NT molecules (key). The chemical signal therefore begins on binding and continues until the NT molecule dissociates from the receptor. Enzymes may be required to make the dissociated NT molecules nonfunctional and endocytosis to remove them from the cleft prior to the next action potential. In contrast, QED induced signaling relies on the QM condition that the NPs lack the heat capacity to conserve absorbed thermal energy by an increase in temperature that instead is conserved by the emission of EM radiation. QED stands for quantum electrodynamics, QM for quantum mechanics, and EM for electromagnetic. QED signaling is therefore a burst of EM radiation, thereby terminating itself and avoiding problems with termination in chemical signaling: the unbinding of NT molecules from receptors, enzymes to make the remaining NT molecules in the cleft nonfunctional, and the removal of NT molecules from the cleft before the next action potential.