104 Review on Various Methods in Harmonic State Estimation

As the demand for power increases, the need for harmonic state estimation (HSE) has been increasing as well. Harmonics, injected by the non-linear equipments along the distribution networks, causes several power quality issues. Therefore, HSE plays an important role in harmonics monitoring and control. Various HSE techniques and algorithms have been developed since 1989, which would be discussed in this paper. The author outlines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field and the process overview of a hybrid algorithm which combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gradient descent (GD) to train the weights of neural network (NN).