The water resources of the Yellow River play an irreplaceable role for our economic and social development. However, the supply and demand of the Yellow River water has become more and more prominent. The water resources have faced very heavy burden and the water environment is facing serious challenges. This paper, according to relevant national regulations and the actual situations of the Yellow River' water environment, discusses the four principles that we should adhere to when building the system, analyzes rather comprehensively the seven main features of the system, and briefly raises the basic ideas of Yellow River's water environmental protection and control system.