To avoid the constraint of wires during data acquisition, a wireless data acquisition system based on MATLAB and MCU is designed. Firstly, MCU, wireless serial communication module and other hardware are selected for the system, and the connection and interface for the hardware is designed. Secondly, the software of wireless communication is programmed based on MATLAB. Finally, an acoustic signal data acquisition experiment is performed to test the system, and experiment result verifies the feasibility of the system.