Drug safety is a major event bearing on the national economy and the people's livelihood. The paper gives details about the general structure design and function design on the RFID-based drug distribution safety and quality monitoring control system to achieve the efficient safety monitoring on the whole life cycle of drug by adopting the fundamental data of every process of drugs collected by using the RFID electronic label in the supply chain operation flow and achieve to the follow-up and traceability in the whole process of production, circulation and use of drug through the monitoring control system. The system has been implemented and put into use by some enterprises under Nanjing Pharmaceutical Group and gained good effects.