5 Fluid Transients in Liquid-Filled Systems
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Published:2013
Fluid transients in liquid-filled systems and steam condensate systems are a focus of this text, and a brief overview of fluid transient mechanisms is first warranted. Parmakian [172] provided a discussion of dated graphic techniques. Although thousands of papers on water hammer are available, Wylie and Streeter [173] provide comprehensive references describing theory, experiments, computer programs, and calculation techniques for fluid transients for pumps, valves, turbines, liquids, vapors, and gases. Moody [174] provided thermal and fluid transient theory. Chaudry [175] provided a thorough discussion of calculation techniques and numerous examples of water hammer in liquid-filled systems. Larock et al [176] provided computer programs and derivations of equations for water hammer, as well as steady-state fluid flow for pipe systems. Popescu et al [177] provided discussions of transients and calculation techniques for hydroelectric power plants. Popescu cited many accidents and provides a comprehensive discussion of fluid transients as they affected power-generation facilities. A recent review of theory provides an extensive list of references for water hammer (Ghidaoui [178]). Wiggert and Tijsseling [179] also provided a summary of theory with numerous references. For a comprehensive understanding of fluid transient theory, the reader is referred to these works, since a comprehensive understanding of the mathematical development of theory is required to prevent misapplication of that theory. This text only provides a broad overview of several fluid transient mechanisms, or causes, which affect pipe system response and damages.