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Design of Hazardous Mechanical Structures, Systems and Components for Extreme Loads
By
John D. Stevenson
John D. Stevenson
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Ovidiu Coman
Ovidiu Coman
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ISBN-10:
0791802426
No. of Pages:
300
Publisher:
ASME Press
Publication date:
2006

The structural loads associated with extreme straight and hurricane wind velocities have usually been considered statically applied and distributed in accordance with the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7-05 Standard for buildings and other structures to include chimneys, tanks and rooftop equipment [1] or ACI-307 [2] for concrete stacks and STS-1-2000 [3] for steel stacks.

Tornado wind effects as a design-basis load have generally not been defined or required for consideration in design as a normal or severe load as defined in Chapter 3. They have been prescribed as an extreme load for nuclear safety-related structures. In some cases they have also been considered for petrochemical facilities in tornado-prone regions, but this has not become a standardized design practice associated with hazardous, petrochemical or biomedical facilities. As a result a tornado wind field and the methods used to combine the effect of wind or “dynamic pressure” and the associated reduced atmospheric pressure to include building openings and potential airborne missile effects have not been defined in general industry standards for design purposes, except as applied to the nuclear industry. A rational yet simple combination of the wind field and reduced atmospheric pressure effects for use in analysis and design or evaluation of structures subject to design-basis tornado loadings is presented in this chapter. There is also a suggested procedure for including the effect of postulated, straight, hurricane and tornado-borne missiles in structural design in this chapter as well as in Chapter 8.

6.1 Wind
6.2 Physical Phenomena
6.2.1 Straight Winds
6.2.2 Hurricanes, Cyclones and Typhoons
6.2.3 Tornadoes
Applied to Nuclear Power Plants
Applied to other DOE Nuclear Facilities
Petrochemical and Biomedical Hazardous Facilities
Historical Development of the Tornado Design Requirement
Description of the Tornado Wind Phenomenon
Tornado Classification
Tornado Wind Field Simplified Analytical Models
6.3 Load Definition
6.3.1 Wind Pressure
6.3.2 Differential Pressure
6.3.3 Missiles
Impact
Penetration
6.4 Wind Design and Construction of Mechanical Components and Supports
6.4.1 Mechanical Structures
6.4.2 Distribution Systems
6.4.3 Ventilators and Filters
6.5 In-Line Wind and Differential Pressure Loading
6.5.1 Openings
6.5.2 Dynamic Load Considerations
Vortex Shedding Design Methodology
General Theory
Practical Application
Equivalent Static Loads
Variable Diameter Stacks or Towers
6.6 Missile Loads
6.6.1 Penetrating
6.6.2 Inelastic Structural Response
6.7 Flood and Precipitation Load
6.7.1 Introduction
6.7.2 Loads During Flooding
Hydrostatic Loads
Hydrodynamic Loads
Wave Loads
Breaking Wave Loads on Vertical Walls or Plates
6.8 Volcano Effects
6.9 Lightening Protection
6.9.1 Introduction
6.9.2 Protection System Design
Types of Lightning protection Systems
Striking Distance Requirement
6.9.3 Facility Protection
Side Flash
Incoming Utility Requirements
6.10 References
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