In this paper, the authors present a biometric low-cost 3D acquisition system, based on a digital photogrammetry technique. The aim of the work is to analyze the suitability of this system for facial recognition purposes. The facial data of a set of 20 people were acquired with the photogrammetric system developed by the authors, and different CAD 3D models were reconstructed for each person. The results are quantified by aligning the models and calculating mean distances and standard deviations between them using two different methods. The former considers the entire face; the latter is based on a few fiducial points of the face.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
De Luis-García
, R.
, Alberola-López
, C.
, Aghzout
, O.
, and Ruiz-Alzola
, J.
, 2003, “Biometric Identification Systems
,” Signal Process.
0165-1684, 83
(12
), pp. 2539
–2557
.2.
Lu
, X.
, 2003, “Image Analysis for Face Recognition
,” http://www.cse.msu.edu/~lvxiaogu/publications/publications.htmhttp://www.cse.msu.edu/~lvxiaogu/publications/publications.htm3.
Turk
, M.
, and Pentland
, A.
, 1991, “Eigenfaces for Recognition
,” J. Cogn Neurosci.
0898-929X, 3
(1
), pp. 71
–86
.4.
Bartlett
, M. S.
, Lades
, H. M.
, and Sejnowski
, T. J.
, 1998, “Independent Component Representations for Face Recognition
,” Proc. SPIE
0277-786X, 3299
, pp. 528
–539
.5.
Belhumeur
, P. N.
, Hespanha
, J. P.
, and Kriegman
, D. J.
, 1997, “Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.
0162-8828, 19
(7
), pp. 711
–720
.6.
Scholkopf
, B.
, Smola
, A.
, and Muller
, K.
, 1998, “Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue Problem
,” Neural Comput.
0899-7667, 10
(5
), pp. 1299
–1319
.7.
Wiskott
, L.
, Fellous
, J. M.
, Krger
, N.
, and Von der Malsburg
, C.
, 1997, “Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.
0162-8828, 19
(7
), pp. 775
–779
.8.
Cootes
, T. F.
, Edwards
, G. J.
, and Taylor
, C. J.
, 1998, “Active Appearance Models
,” Proc. ECCV
, 2
, pp. 484
–498
.9.
Phillips
, P. J.
, Martin
, A.
, Wilson
, C. L.
, and Przybocki
, M.
, 2000, “An Introduction to Evaluating Biometric Systems
,” Computer
33
(2
), pp. 56
–63
.10.
Blanz
, V.
, Romdhani
, S.
, and Vetter
, T.
, 2003, “Face Identification Across Different Poses and Illuminations With a 3D Morphable Model
,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.
0162-8828, 25
(9
), pp. 1063
–1074
.11.
Stylianou
, G.
, and Farin
, G.
, 2004, “Crest Lines for Surface Segmentation and Flattening
,” IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph.
1077-2626, 10
(5
), pp. 536
–544
.12.
Razdan
, A.
, and Bae
, M.
, 2003, “A Hybrid Approach to Feature Segmentation of 3Dimensional Meshes
,” CAD
0010-4485, 35
(9
), pp. 783
–790
.13.
Mangan
, A.
, and Whitaker
, R.
, 1999, “Partitioning 3D Surface Meshes Using Watershed Segmentation
,” IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph.
1077-2626, 5
(4
), pp. 308
–321
.14.
Farin
, G.
, 2001, Curves and Surfaces for CAGD
, Morgan-Kaufmann
, San Francisco, CA.15.
Okada
, E.
, 2001, “Three-Dimensional Facial Simulations and Measurements: Changes of Facial Contour and Units Associated With Facial Expression
,” J. Craniofac Surg.
1049-2275, 12
(2
), pp. 167
–174
.16.
Sitnik
, R.
, and Kujawinska
, M.
, 2003, “Expression-Invariant 3D Face Recognition
,” Opto-Numerical Methods of Data Acquisition for Computer Graphics and Animation Systems Three-dimensional Image Capture and Applications, Proc. SPIE
0277-786X, 3958
, pp. 36
–43
.17.
D’Apuzzo
, N.
, 2002, “Surface Measurement and Surface Tracking of Human Body Parts from Multi-image Video Sequences
,” ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.
0924-2716, 56
(4
), pp. 360
–375
.18.
Hammett
, P. C.
, Guzman
, L. G.
, and Frescoln
, K. D.
, 2003, “Changing Automotive Body Measurement System Paradigms With 3D Non-contact Measurement Systems
,” UMTRI Technical Report No. UMTRI-2003-43.19.
Ferrandes
, R.
, Galantucci
, L. M.
, and Percoco
, G.
, 2004, “Optical Methods for Reverse Engineering of Human Faces
,” 4th International CIRP 2004 Design Seminar, Cairo, Egypt, Session 6B, pp. 1
–12
.20.
Agre
, P. E.
, 2001, “Your Face is Not a Bar Code: Arguments Against Automatic Face Recognition in Public Places
,” Whole Earth
, 106
, pp. 74
–77
.23.
Ferrandes
, R.
, Galantucci
, L. M.
, and Percoco
, G.
, 2005, “Experimental Study on Accuracy of Digital Photogrammetry for Industrial Products
,” 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials Processing Technologies. Vol. 1, pp. 183
–186
.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
