Abstract

Today, nanomaterials have gained tremendous attention in various engineering fields. The prominent physicochemical properties of nanomaterials have made them promising and interesting options for application in construction and building materials. These applications range from structural reinforcement for development of cement composites with outstanding and multifunctional characteristics to production of self-compacting and self-cleaning materials. The incorporation of nanomaterials in cement composites leads to the enhancement of their physicomechanical properties and the induction of superior durability performance. The addition of nanomaterials diminish the formation of micropores by acting as a filling agent, generating a very compact and uniform matrix and automatically decreasing the growth of micropores in the matrix. Moreover, nanomaterials have great potential in diminishing the transport properties. It will also be demonstrated in this article that the strength gain of cement composites is directly associated with the packing and nucleation effect of nanomaterials. Within the scope of the current comprehensive review, general information and definitions of cement composites and nanotechnology are first elucidated. Then, the nanosized additives that greatly improve the characteristics of cement composites, such as nanosilica, nanoalumina, nano–titanium dioxide, nano–iron oxides, nano–zinc oxides, nano–magnesium oxide, and nano–copper oxide are discussed. Furthermore, the most important challenges and problems in the use of nanomaterials in cement composites are presented. The time scope placed on the review is from 2010 to early 2019.

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