Abstract

In the present study, the potential of supplementary cementitious materials such as silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBG) for enhancing the durability properties of pavement quality concrete (PQC) mixes containing 75 % fine reclaimed asphalt pavement (75RAP) is assessed. Different physical and durability properties such as water absorption, total permeable voids, initial rate, secondary rate and coefficient of water absorption, and performance in sulfate and chloride-rich environments were evaluated. It was found that the ASTM recommended temperature of 110 ± 5°C for evaluating water absorption and permeable voids should be changed to 48 ± 2°C to prevent the melting of asphalt present in RAP. Similarly, the duration for completely drying the specimens shall be at least eight days. It was observed that incorporation of fine RAP could compromise with the durability of the PQC mixes significantly. Inclusions of all the considered admixtures (except SF) were found to have an insignificant effect on the modulus of rupture, however, significant enhancement in the durability properties of 75RAP mix was observed (except SCBG). The blending of 15 % FA with 10 % SF was found to enhance the durability performance of 75RAP mix better than the mix containing natural aggregates.

References

1.
Edeh
,
J. E.
,
Eberemu
,
A. O.
, and
Arigi
,
A. S.
, “
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Stabilized Using Crushed Concrete Waste as Highway Pavement Material
,”
Adv. Civ. Eng. Mater.
, Vol. 
1
, No. 
1
,
2012
, pp. 
1
13
, https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20120005
2.
Yu
,
X.
,
Dong
,
F.
,
Xu
,
B.
,
Ding
,
G.
, and
Ding
,
P.
, “
RAP Binder Influences on the Rheological Characteristics of Foamed Warm-Mix Recycled Asphalt
,”
J. Mater. Civ. Eng.
, Vol. 
29
, No. 
9
,
2017
, 04017145, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001993
3.
Singh
,
S.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
,
Debbarma
,
S.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “
Utilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregates Containing Waste from Sugarcane Mill for Production of Concrete Mixes
,”
J. Clean. Prod.
, Vol. 
174
,
2018
, pp. 
42
52
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.179
4.
Afonso
,
M. L.
,
Dinis-Almeida
,
M.
,
Pereira-de-Oliveira
,
L. A.
,
Castro-Gomes
,
J.
, and
Zoorob
,
S. E.
, “
Development of a Semi-Flexible Heavy Duty Pavement Surfacing Incorporating Recycled and Waste Aggregates—Preliminary Study
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
102
, No. 
1
,
2016
, pp. 
155
161
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.165
5.
Huang
,
B.
,
Li
,
G.
,
Vukosavljevic
,
D.
,
Shu
,
X.
, and
Egan
,
B. K.
, “
Laboratory Investigation of Mixing Hot-Mix Asphalt with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
,”
Transp. Res. Rec.
, Vol.
1929
,
2005
, pp. 
37
45
.
6.
Huang
,
B.
,
Shu
,
X.
, and
Vukosavljevic
,
D.
, “
Laboratory Investigation of Cracking Resistance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Field Mixtures Containing Screened Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
,”
J. Mater. Civ. Eng.
, Vol. 
23
, No. 
11
,
2011
, pp. 
1535
1543
, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000223
7.
Dinis-Almeida
,
M.
,
Castro-Gomes
,
J.
,
Sangiorgi
,
C.
,
Zoorob
,
S. E.
, and
Afonso
,
M. L.
, “
Performance of Warm Mix Recycled Asphalt Containing up to 100 % RAP
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
112
,
2016
, pp. 
1
6
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.108
8.
Fakhri
,
M.
and
Ahmadi
,
A.
, “
Recycling of RAP and Steel Slag Aggregates into the Warm Mix Asphalt: A Performance Evaluation
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
147
,
2017
, pp. 
630
638
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.117
9.
Al-Oraimi
,
S.
,
Hassan
,
H. F.
, and
Hago
,
A. W.
, “
Recycling of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Portland Cement Concrete
,”
J. Eng. Res.
, Vol. 
6
, No. 
1
,
2017
, pp. 
37
45
, https://doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol6iss1pp37-45
10.
Brand
,
A. S.
and
Roesler
,
J. R.
, “
Expansive and Concrete Properties of SFS-FRAP Aggregates
,”
J. Mater. Civ. Eng.
, Vol. 
28
, No. 
2
,
2016
, 04015126, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001403
11.
Brand
,
A. S.
and
Roesler
,
J. R.
, “
Ternary Concrete with Fractionated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
,”
ACI Mater. J.
, Vol. 
112
, No. 
1
,
2015
, pp. 
155
163
.
12.
Brand
,
A. S.
and
Roesler
,
J. R.
, “
Bonding in Cementitious Materials with Asphalt-Coated Particles: Part I—The Interfacial Transition Zone
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
130
,
2017
, pp. 
171
181
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.019
13.
Brand
,
A. S.
and
Roesler
,
J. R.
, “
Bonding in Cementitious Materials with Asphalt-Coated Particles: Part II—Cement-Asphalt Chemical Interactions
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
130
,
2017
, pp. 
182
192
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.013
14.
Singh
,
S.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “Feasibility Study of RAP Aggregates in Cement Concrete Pavements,” Road Mater. Pavement Des.,
2017
, pp. 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1380071
15.
Delwar
,
M.
,
Fahmy
,
M.
, and
Taha
,
R.
, “
Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement as an Aggregate in Portland Cement Concrete
,”
ACI Mater. J.
, Vol. 
94
, No. 
3
,
1997
, pp. 
251
256
.
16.
Huang
,
B.
,
Shu
,
X.
, and
Li
,
G.
, “
Laboratory Investigation of Portland Cement Concrete Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavements
,”
Cem. Concr. Res.
, Vol. 
35
, No. 
10
,
2005
, pp. 
2008
2013
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.05.002
17.
Singh
,
S.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “
An Economical Processing Technique to Improve RAP Inclusive Concrete Properties
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
148
,
2017
, pp. 
734
747
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.030
18.
Huang
,
B.
,
Shu
,
X.
, and
Burdette
,
E. G.
, “
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavements
,”
Mag. Concr. Res
., Vol. 
58
, No. 
5
,
2006
pp. 
313
320
, https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2006.58.5.313
19.
Ibrahim
,
A.
,
Mahmoud
,
E.
,
Khodair
,
Y.
, and
Patibandla
,
V. C.
, “
Fresh, Mechanical, and Durability Characteristics of Self-Consolidating Concrete Incorporating Recycled Asphalt Pavements
, “
J. Mater. Civ. Eng.
, Vol. 
26
, No. 
4
,
2014
, pp. 
668
675
, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000832
20.
Singh
,
S.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “
Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Fresh, Mechanical and Durability Properties of RAP Inclusive Concrete
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
156
,
2017
, pp. 
19
27
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.144
21.
Shi
,
X.
,
Mukhopadhyay
,
A.
, and
Liu
,
K.-W.
, “
Mix Design Formulation and Evaluation of Portland Cement Concrete Paving Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
152
,
2017
, pp. 
756
768
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.174
22.
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
,
Singh
,
S.
, and
Abraham
,
S. M.
, “
Feasibility of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Rigid Pavement Construction
,” presented at the
Third International Conference on Civil, Offshore, and Environmental Engineering: Engineering Challenges for Sustainable Future
, Malaysia, Aug. 15–17,
2016
,
CRC Press
,
Boca Raton, FL
, pp. 
401
404
.
23.
Modarres
,
A.
and
Hosseini
,
Z.
, “
Mechanical Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash with Original and Recycled Asphalt Pavement Material
,”
Mater. Des.
, Vol. 
64
,
2014
, pp. 
227
236
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.072
24.
Singh
,
S.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “
Laboratory Investigation of Concrete Pavements Containing Fine RAP Aggregates
,”
J. Mater. Civ. Eng.
, Vol. 
30
, No. 
2
,
2018
, 04017279, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002124
25.
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
Specifications for Road and Bridge Work
, 5th ed.,
Indian Roads Congress
,
New Delhi, India
.
26.
Maes
,
M.
and
De Belie
,
N.
, “
Resistance of Concrete and Mortar Against Combined Attack of Chloride and Sodium Sulphate
,”
Cem. Concr. Compos.
, Vol. 
53
,
2014
, pp. 
59
72
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.06.013
27.
Mehta
,
A.
and
Siddique
,
R.
, “
Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
146
,
2017
, pp. 
136
143
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.077
28.
Liu
,
J.
,
Qiu
,
Q.
,
Chen
,
X.
,
Xing
,
F.
,
Han
,
N.
,
He
,
Y.
, and
Ma
,
Y.
, “
Understanding the Interacted Mechanism between Carbonation and Chloride Aerosol Attack in Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete
,”
Cem. Concr. Res.
, Vol. 
95
,
2017
, pp. 
217
225
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.032
29.
Singh
,
S.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “Performance Evaluation of RAP Concrete in Aggressive Environment,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002316 (in press).
30.
Singh
,
S.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
,
Monu
,
K.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “
Laboratory Investigation of RAP for Dry Lean Concrete Mixes
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol. 
166
,
2018
, pp. 
808
816
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.131
31.
Mukhopadhyay
,
A. K.
and
Shi
,
X.
, Validation of RAP and/or RAS in Hydraulic Cement Concrete, Report No. 0-6855-1, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX,
2017
, 166p.
32.
Singh
,
S.
,
Dhawal
,
D.
,
Ransinchung
,
G. D. R. N.
, and
Kumar
,
P.
, “Performance of Fine RAP Concrete Containing Fly Ash, Silica Fume, and Bagasse Ash,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002408 (in press).
33.
ASTM D2172-11
Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving Mixtures
,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
2011
, www.astm.org
34.
IS 383
Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete
,
Bureau of Indian Standards
,
New Delhi, India
,
1970
, www.bis.gov.in
35.
IRC 44
Tentative Guidelines for Cement Concrete Mix Design for Pavements
,
Indian Roads Congress
,
New Delhi, India
,
2008
, www.irc.nic.in
36.
IS 516
Method of Tests for Strength of Concrete
,
Bureau of Indian Standards
,
New Delhi, India
,
1959
, www.bis.gov.in
37.
ASTM C642-13
Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete
,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
2013
, www.astm.org
38.
ASTM C1585-13
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic Cement Concretes
, “
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
2013
, www.astm.org
39.
ASTM C267-12
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacing and Polymer Concretes
,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
2012
, www.astm.org
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.