Abstract

Over the past decade, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been used in several pilot projects, which included designing of different bridge components. In each case, it became clear that the design efficiency and cost effectiveness of the UHPC structural member was not possible when the conventional approaches developed for normal concrete members were followed. More efficient structural design solutions were realized when alternative geometries and/or unique properties of the UHPC were taken advantage of in the design process. Structural testing of these members and/or field testing of bridges designed with UHPC structural members showed that their performance was extremely satisfactory in spite of adopting new design concepts and alternative geometries. Drawing design experience from bridge girders to bridge decks to UHPC piles to wind turbine towers, this paper summarized the important lessons learned and established ASTM test requirements that could facilitate designing of cost-effective UHPC members and connections with satisfactory performance. In this process, ultimate strength for flexure, shear and torsion, fatigue resistance, serviceability issues and long-term behavior of different UHPC members were given consideration.

References

1.
Sritharan
,
S.
,
Bristow
,
B.
, and
Perry
,
V.
, “
Characterizing an Ultra-High Performance Material for Bridge Applications Under Extreme Loads
,”
Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on High Performance Concrete/PCI National Bridge Conference
, Oct 19–22,
2003
,
Orlando, FL
, Paper 99,
Prestressed/Precast Institute
,
Chicago
.
2.
Vande Voort
,
T. L.
,
Suleiman
,
M. T.
, and
Sritharan
,
S.
, “
Design and Performance Verification of UHPC Piles for Deep Foundations
,” Final Report IHRB Project TR-558,
Iowa State University Center for Transportation Research and Education
, Ames, IA,
2008
.
3.
Tam
,
C. M.
,
Tam
,
V. W. Y.
, and
Ng
,
K. M.
, “
Assessing Drying Shrinkage and Water Permeability of Reactive Powder Concrete Produced in Hong Kong
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
, Vol.
26
, No.
1
,
2012
, pp.
79
89
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.05.006
4.
Transportation of America
,
2013
, “
Transportation of America Resources
,” http://t4america.org/resources/bridges/ (Last accessed November 1 2013).
5.
Cheyrezy
,
M.
and
Behloul
,
M.
, “
Creep and Shrinkage of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
,”
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference
, Concreep-6@MIT,
Cambridge, MA
, Aug 20–22,
Ulm
F.
,
Bažant
Z.
and
Wittmann
F.
, Eds.,
Elsevier
,
Oxford, UK
,
2001
, pp.
527
538
.
6.
Schmidt
,
M.
and
Teichmann
,
T.
, “
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Basis for Sustainable Structures
,”
Proceedings of the CESB Conference
,
Prague, Czech Republic
, Sept 24–27,
CBS Publishers
,
New Dehli, India
,
2007
, pp.
83
88
.
7.
Graybeal
,
B.
, “
Material Property Characterization of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
,” Federal Highway Administration Report No. FHWA-HRT-06-103,
FHWA
, Washington, D.C.,
2006
.
8.
Wipf
,
T. J.
,
Phares
,
B. M.
,
Sritharan
,
S.
,
Degen
,
E. B.
, and
Giesmann
,
T. M.
, “
Design and Evaluation of a Single-Span Bridge Using Ultra-High Performance Concrete
,” IHRB Project TR-529,
Iowa State University
, Ames, IA,
2009
.
9.
Graybeal
,
B.
, “
Structural Behavior of a 2nd Generation UHPC Pi-Girder
,” Federal Highway Administration Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-09-069,
FHWA
, Washington, D.C.,
2009
.
10.
Rouse
,
J. M.
,
Wipf
,
T. J.
,
Phares
,
B.
,
Fanous
,
F.
, and
Berg
,
O.
, “
Design, Construction, and Field Testing of an Ultra High Performance Concrete Pi-Girder Bridge
,” IHRB Project TR-754,
Iowa State University
, Ames, IA,
2011
.
11.
Aaleti
,
S.
,
Sritharan
,
S.
,
Bierwagen
,
D.
, and
Wipf
,
T.
, “
Structural Behavior of Waffle Bridge Deck Panels and Connections of Precast Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Experimental Evaluation
,”
Transp. Res. Rec.
, No.
2251
,
2011
, pp.
82
92
. https://doi.org/10.3141/2251-09
12.
Aaleti
,
S.
,
Petersen
,
B.
, and
Sritharan
,
S.
, “
Design Guide for Precast UHPC Waffle Deck Panel System, including Connections
,” Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA-HIF-13-032,
FHWA
, Washington, D.C.,
2013
.
13.
Aaleti
,
S.
,
Sritharan
,
S.
, and
Abu-Hawash
,
A.
, “
Innovative UHPC-Normal Concrete Composite Bridge Deck
,”
Proceedings of the RILEM-fib-AFGC International Symposium on Ultra-High Performance Reinforced Concrete
, Eds:
Toutlemonde
F.
,
Resplendino
J.
,
RILEM Publications S.A.R.L.
,
Bagneux, France
,
2013
, pp.
217
226
.
14.
Suleiman
,
M. T.
,
Vande Voort
,
T.
, and
Sritharan
,
S.
, “
Behavior of Driven Ultra-High Performance Concrete H-Piles Subjected to Vertical and Lateral Loading Tests
,”
ASCE J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
, Vol.
136
, No.
10
,
2010
, pp.
1403
1413
. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000350
15.
Heine
,
J.
,
Sritharan
,
S.
, and
Aaleti
,
S.
, “
Precast UHPC Piles to Support Vertical Loads in Bridge Foundations
,”
Proceedings of the PCI Convention and National Bridge Conference
,
Salt Lake City, UT
, Oct 22–26,
2011
,
PCI
,
Chicago, IL
, -unpublished.
16.
ASTM D1143-07:
Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static Axial Compressive Load
, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,
2007
, www.astm.org.
17.
ASTM D3966-07:
Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Lateral Load
, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,
2007
, www.astm.org.
18.
Murthy
,
R. S.
,
2009
, “
Design of Joints for Laterally Loaded UHPC Columns
,” M.S. thesis,
Iowa State University
, Ames, IA,
2009
.
19.
Sritharan
,
S.
and
Schmitz
,
G. M.
, “
Design of Tall Wind Turbine Towers Utilizing UHPC
,”
Proceedings of the RILEM-fib-AFGC International Symposium on Ultra-High Performance Reinforced Concrete
, Eds:
Toutlemonde
F.
,
Resplendino
J.
,
RILEM Publications S.A.R.L.
,
Bagneux, France
,
2013
, pp.
433
442
.
20.
Sritharan
,
S.
,
Lewin
,
T. J.
, and
Schmitz
,
G. M.
, “
Wind Turbine Tower Systems
,” U.S. Patent No. 8,881,485 (
2014
).
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.