...Xuefeng Zhao; Jonathan F. Wenk; Mike Burger; Yi Liu; Mithilesh K. Das; William Combs; Liang Ge; Julius M. Guccione; Ghassan S. Kassab The risk of myocardial penetration due to active-fixation screw-in type pacing leads has been reported to increase as the helix electrodes become smaller. In order...

...L. Liu; J. Wang; W. Yang; S. J. Chen In this paper, a method is presented to analyze the mechanical stress distribution in a pacing lead based on a sequence of paired 2D angiographic images. The 3D positions and geometrical shapes of an implanted pacemaker lead throughout the cardiac cycle were...

... haemodynamics pacemakers pacing lead lead dislodgement dynamic analysis Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been accepted as an effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe heart failure (HF). Although CRT has been shown to prolong survival and improve quality of life...