Figures 4, 5, and 7–9 have been corrected. Specifically, the values of the tick marks on the vertical axes have been increased by a factor of 10 in these figures. In Fig. 4, the lowest value of the tick marks on the vertical axis has been corrected to be 0 kPa and the lowest value of the tick marks on the horizontal axis has been corrected to be 0.0 strain.

Stress–strain data in the LD (solid lines) and CD (dashed lines) for specimens in the NT group (n = 9)

Mean (± standard deviation) stress–strain data in the LD (solid lines and circles) and CD (dashed lines and triangles) for specimens in the NT group (n = 9)

Stress versus NHD data in the LD (solid lines) and CD (dashed lines) of specimens in the LT group (n = 9)

Stress versus NHD data in the LD (solid lines) and CD (dashed lines) of specimens in the CT group (n = 9)

Mean (± standard deviation) stress data in the LD (solid colored bars with solid lines) and CD (patterned color bars with dashed lines) of the NT (n = 9), LT (n = 9), and CT (n = 9) groups at three levels of NHD. Significant differences in stress were found between the LD and CD for the NT group at all three levels of NHD.

Mean (± standard deviation) stress data in the LD (solid colored bars with solid lines) and CD (patterned color bars with dashed lines) of the NT (n = 9), LT (n = 9), and CT (n = 9) groups at three levels of NHD. Significant differences in stress were found between the LD and CD for the NT group at all three levels of NHD.