Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has been continuously evolving since its inception over three decades ago with numerous new advancements in biomaterials and cell sources and widening applications to most tissues in the body. Despite the substantial promise and great opportunities for the advancement of current medical therapies and procedures, the field has yet to capture wide clinical translation due to some remaining challenges, including oxygen availability within constructs, both in vitro and in vivo. While this insufficiency of nutrients, specifically oxygen, is a limitation within the current frameworks of this field, the literature shows promise in new technological advances to efficiently provide adequate delivery of nutrients to cells. This review attempts to capture the most recent advances in the field of oxygen transport in hydrogel-based tissue engineering, including a comparison of current research as it pertains to the modeling, sensing, and optimization of oxygen within hydrogel constructs as well as new technological innovations to overcome traditional diffusion-based limitations. The application of these findings can further the advancement and development of better hydrogel-based tissue engineered constructs for future clinical translation and adoption.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Park
,
K. M.
,
Shin
,
Y. M.
,
Kim
,
K.
, and
Shin
,
H.
, 2018
, “
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2017: A Year in Review
,” Tissue Eng. Part B Rev.
,
24
(5
), pp. 327
–344
.10.1089/ten.teb.2018.00272.
Kopecek
,
J.
, 2007
, “
Hydrogel Biomaterials: A Smart Future?
,” Biomaterials
,
28
(34
), pp. 5185
–5192
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.0443.
Takei
,
T.
,
Sakai
,
S.
, and
Yoshida
,
M.
, 2016
, “
In vitro Formation of Vascular-Like Networks Using Hydrogels
,” J. Biosci. Bioeng.
,
122
(5
), pp. 519
–527
.10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.0234.
Mas-Bargues
,
C.
,
Sanz-Ros
,
J.
,
Román-Domínguez
,
A.
,
Inglés
,
M.
,
Gimeno-Mallench
,
L.
,
El Alami
,
M.
,
Viña-Almunia
,
J.
,
Gambini
,
J.
,
Viña
,
J.
, and
Borrás
,
C.
, 2019
, “
Relevance of Oxygen Concentration in Stem Cell Culture for Regenerative Medicine
,” Int. J. Mol. Sci.
,
20
(5
), p. 1195
.10.3390/ijms200511955.
Place
,
T. L.
,
Domann
,
F. E.
, and
Case
,
A. J.
, 2017
, “
Limitations of Oxygen Delivery to Cells in Culture: An Underappreciated Problem in Basic and Translational Research
,” Free Rad. Biol. Med.
,
113
, pp. 311
–322
.10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.0036.
Hurtado
,
D. E.
,
Castro
,
S.
, and
Gizzi
,
A.
, 2016
, “
Computational Modeling of Non-Linear Diffusion in Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Novel Porous-Medium Approach
,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng.
,
300
, pp. 70
–83
.10.1016/j.cma.2015.11.0147.
Vazquez
,
J. L.
, 2007
, The Porous Medium Equation: Mathematical Theory, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.8.
Lin
,
C. C.
, and
Metters
,
A. T.
, 2006
, “
Hydrogels in Controlled Release Formulations: Network Design and Mathematical Modeling
,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
,
58
(12–13
), pp. 1379
–1408
.10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.0049.
Crank
,
J.
, 1975
, The Mathematics of Diffusion
,
Clarendon Press
, Oxford, UK.10.
Cherubini
,
C.
,
Filippi
,
S.
,
Gizzi
,
A.
, and
Ruiz-Baier
,
R.
, 2017
, “
A Note on Stress-Driven Anisotropic Diffusion and Its Role in Active Deformable Media
,” J. Theor. Biol.
,
430
, pp. 221
–228
.10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.07.01311.
Brown
,
D. A.
,
MacLellan
,
W. R.
,
Laks
,
H.
,
Dunn
,
J. C.
,
Wu
,
B. M.
, and
Beygui
,
R. E.
, 2007
, “
Analysis of Oxygen Transport in a Diffusion-Limited Model of Engineered Heart Tissue
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
97
(4
), pp. 962
–975
.10.1002/bit.2129512.
Axpe
,
E.
,
Chan
,
D.
,
Offeddu
,
G. S.
,
Chang
,
Y.
,
Merida
,
D.
,
Hernandez
,
H. L.
, and
Appel
,
E. A.
, 2019
, “
A Multiscale Model for Solute Diffusion in Hydrogels
,” Macromolecules
,
52
(18
), pp. 6889
–6897
.10.1021/acs.macromol.9b0075313.
Malda
,
J.
,
Rouwkema
,
J.
,
Martens
,
D. E.
,
Le Comte
,
E. P.
,
Kooy
,
F. K.
,
Tramper
,
J.
,
van Blitterswijk
,
C. A.
, and
Riesle
,
J.
, 2004
, “
Oxygen Gradients in Tissue-Engineered PEGT/PBT Cartilaginous Constructs: Measurement and Modeling
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
86
(1
), pp. 9
–18
.10.1002/bit.2003814.
Malda
,
J.
,
Woodfield
,
T. B.
,
van der Vloodt
,
F.
,
Kooy
,
F. K.
,
Martens
,
D. E.
,
Tramper
,
J.
,
van Blitterswijk
,
C. A.
, and
Riesle
,
J.
, 2004
, “
The Effect of PEGT/PBT Scaffold Architecture on Oxygen Gradients in Tissue Engineered Cartilaginous Constructs
,” Biomaterials
,
25
(26
), pp. 5773
–5780
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.02815.
Demol
,
J.
,
Lambrechts
,
D.
,
Geris
,
L.
,
Schrooten
,
J.
, and
Van Oosterwyck
,
H.
, 2011
, “
Towards a Quantitative Understanding of Oxygen Tension and Cell Density Evolution in Fibrin Hydrogels
,” Biomaterials
,
32
(1
), pp. 107
–118
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.09316.
Magliaro
,
C.
,
Mattei
,
G.
,
Iacoangeli
,
F.
,
Corti
,
A.
,
Piemonte
,
V.
, and
Ahluwalia
,
A.
, 2019
, “
Oxygen Consumption Characteristics in 3D Constructs Depend on Cell Density
,” Front Bioeng. Biotechnol.
,
7
, p. 251
.10.3389/fbioe.2019.0025117.
Lambrechts
,
D.
,
Roeffaers
,
M.
,
Kerckhofs
,
G.
,
Hofkens
,
J.
,
Van de Putte
,
T.
,
Schrooten
,
J.
, and
Van Oosterwyck
,
H.
, 2014
, “
Reporter Cell Activity Within Hydrogel Constructs Quantified From Oxygen-Independent Bioluminescence
,” Biomaterials
,
35
(28
), pp. 8065
–8077
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.00218.
Sengers
,
B. G.
,
van Donkelaar
,
C. C.
,
Oomens
,
C. W.
, and
Baaijens
,
F. P.
, 2008
, “
Computational Study of Culture Conditions and Nutrient Supply in Cartilage Tissue Engineering
,” Biotechnol. Prog.
,
21
(4
), pp. 1252
–1261
.10.1021/bp050015719.
Sengers
,
B. G.
,
Heywood
,
H. K.
,
Lee
,
D. A.
,
Oomens
,
C. W.
, and
Bader
,
D. L.
, 2005
, “
Nutrient Utilization by Bovine Articular Chondrocytes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach
,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
,
127
(5
), pp. 758
–766
.10.1115/1.199366420.
Radisic
,
M.
,
Deen
,
W.
,
Langer
,
R.
, and
Vunjak-Novakovic
,
G.
, 2005
, “
Mathematical Model of Oxygen Distribution in Engineered Cardiac Tissue With Parallel Channel Array Perfused With Culture Medium Containing Oxygen Carriers
,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
,
288
(3
), pp. H1278
–1289
.10.1152/ajpheart.00787.200421.
Iyer
,
R. K.
,
Radisic
,
M.
,
Cannizzaro
,
C.
, and
Vunjak-Novakovic
,
G.
, 2007
, “
Synthetic Oxygen Carriers in Cardiac Tissue Engineering
,” Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol.
,
35
(1
), pp. 135
–148
.10.1080/1073119060097498822.
Williams
,
K. A.
,
Saini
,
S.
, and
Wick
,
T. M.
, 2002
, “
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Steady-State Momentum and Mass Transport in a Bioreactor for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
,” Biotechnol. Prog.
,
18
(5
), pp. 951
–963
.10.1021/bp020087n23.
Yan
,
X.
,
Bergstrom
,
D. J.
, and
Chen
,
X. B.
, 2012
, “
Modeling of Cell Cultures in Perfusion Bioreactors
,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
,
59
(9
), pp. 2568
–2575
.10.1109/TBME.2012.220607724.
Pierre
,
J.
,
Gemmiti
,
C. V.
,
Kolambkar
,
Y. M.
,
Oddou
,
C.
, and
Guldberg
,
R. E.
, 2008
, “
Theoretical Analysis of Engineered Cartilage Oxygenation: Influence of Construct Thickness and Media Flow Rate
,” Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol.
,
7
(6
), pp. 497
–510
.10.1007/s10237-007-0107-925.
Lewis
,
M. C.
,
Macarthur
,
B. D.
,
Malda
,
J.
,
Pettet
,
G.
, and
Please
,
C. P.
, 2005
, “
Heterogeneous Proliferation Within Engineered Cartilaginous Tissue: The Role of Oxygen Tension
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
91
(5
), pp. 607
–615
.10.1002/bit.2050826.
Martin
,
I.
,
Wendt
,
D.
, and
Heberer
,
M.
, 2004
, “
The Role of Bioreactors in Tissue Engineering
,” Trends Biotechnol.
,
22
(2
), pp. 80
–86
.10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.12.00127.
Chung
,
C. A.
,
Chen
,
C. W.
,
Chen
,
C. P.
, and
Tseng
,
C. S.
, 2007
, “
Enhancement of Cell Growth in Tissue-Engineering Constructs Under Direct Perfusion: Modeling and Simulation
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
97
(6
), pp. 1603
–1616
.10.1002/bit.2137828.
Croll
,
T. I.
,
Gentz
,
S.
,
Mueller
,
K.
,
Davidson
,
M.
,
O'Connor
,
A. J.
,
Stevens
,
G. W.
, and
Cooper-White
,
J. J.
, 2005
, “
Modelling Oxygen Diffusion and Cell Growth in a Porous, Vascularising Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering Applications
,” Chem. Eng. Sci.
,
60
(17
), pp. 4924
–4934
.10.1016/j.ces.2005.03.05129.
Lucantonio
,
A.
,
Nardinocchi
,
P.
, and
Pezzulla
,
M.
, 2014
, “
Swelling-Induced and Controlled Curving in Layered Gel Beams
,” Proc. R. Soc. A Math., Phys. Eng. Sci.
,
470
(2171
), p. 20140467
.10.1098/rspa.2014.046730.
Lucantonio
,
A.
,
Teresi
,
L.
, and
DeSimone
,
A.
, 2016
, “
Continuum Theory of Swelling Material Surfaces With Applications to Thermo-Responsive Gel Membranes and Surface Mass Transport
,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids
,
89
, pp. 96
–109
.10.1016/j.jmps.2016.02.00131.
Lucantonio
,
A.
,
Nardinocchi
,
P.
, and
Teresi
,
L.
, 2013
, “
Transient Analysis of Swelling-Induced Large Deformations in Polymer Gels
,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids
,
61
(1
), pp. 205
–218
.10.1016/j.jmps.2012.07.01032.
Giannitelli
,
S. M.
,
Accoto
,
D.
,
Trombetta
,
M.
, and
Rainer
,
A.
, 2014
, “
Current Trends in the Design of Scaffolds for Computer-Aided Tissue Engineering
,” Acta Biomater.
,
10
(2
), pp. 580
–594
.10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.02433.
Gizzi
,
A.
,
Giannitelli
,
S. M.
,
Trombetta
,
M.
,
Cherubini
,
C.
,
Filippi
,
S.
,
De Ninno
,
A.
,
Businaro
,
L.
,
Gerardino
,
A.
, and
Rainer
,
A.
, 2017
, “
Computationally Informed Design of a Multi-Axial Actuated Microfluidic Chip Device
,” Sci. Rep.
,
7
(1
), p. 5489
.10.1038/s41598-017-05237-934.
Costantini
,
M.
,
Testa
,
S.
,
Mozetic
,
P.
,
Barbetta
,
A.
,
Fuoco
,
C.
,
Fornetti
,
E.
,
Tamiro
,
F.
,
Bernardini
,
S.
,
Jaroszewicz
,
J.
,
Święszkowski
,
W.
,
Trombetta
,
M.
,
Castagnoli
,
L.
,
Seliktar
,
D.
,
Garstecki
,
P.
,
Cesareni
,
G.
,
Cannata
,
S.
,
Rainer
,
A.
, and
Gargioli
,
C.
, 2017
, “
Microfluidic-Enhanced 3D Bioprinting of Aligned Myoblast-Laden Hydrogels Leads to Functionally Organized Myofibers In Vitro and In Vivo
,” Biomaterials
,
131
, pp. 98
–110
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.02635.
Figueiredo
,
L.
,
Pace
,
R.
,
D'Arros
,
C.
,
Rethore
,
G.
,
Guicheux
,
J.
,
Le Visage
,
C.
, and
Weiss
,
P.
, 2018
, “
Assessing Glucose and Oxygen Diffusion in Hydrogels for the Rational Design of 3D Stem Cell Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine
,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med.
,
12
(5
), pp. 1238
–1246
.10.1002/term.265636.
Kellner
,
K.
,
Liebsch
,
G.
,
Klimant
,
I.
,
Wolfbeis
,
O. S.
,
Blunk
,
T.
,
Schulz
,
M. B.
, and
Göpferich
,
A.
, 2002
, “
Determination of Oxygen Gradients in Engineered Tissue Using a Fluorescent Sensor
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
80
(1
), pp. 73
–83
.10.1002/bit.1035237.
Bannerman
,
D.
, and
Wan
,
W.
, 2016
, “
Multifunctional Microbeads for Drug Delivery in TACE
,” Expert Opin. Drug Deliv.
,
13
(9
), pp. 1289
–1300
.10.1080/17425247.2016.119212238.
Wang
,
L.
,
Acosta
,
M. A.
,
Leach
,
J. B.
, and
Carrier
,
R. L.
, 2013
, “
Spatially Monitoring Oxygen Level in 3D Microfabricated Cell Culture Systems Using Optical Oxygen Sensing Beads
,” Lab Chip
,
13
(8
), pp. 1586
–1592
.10.1039/c3lc41366g39.
Lesher-Perez
,
S. C.
,
Kim
,
G. A.
,
Kuo
,
C. H.
,
Leung
,
B. M.
,
Mong
,
S.
,
Kojima
,
T.
,
Moraes
,
C.
,
Thouless
,
M. D.
,
Luker
,
G. D.
, and
Takayama
,
S.
, 2017
, “
Dispersible Oxygen Microsensors Map Oxygen Gradients in Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures
,” Biomater. Sci.
,
5
(10
), pp. 2106
–2113
.10.1039/C7BM00119C40.
Koduri
,
M. P.
,
S. Goudar
,
V.
,
Shao
,
Y.-W.
,
Hunt
,
J. A.
,
Henstock
,
J. R.
,
Curran
,
J.
, and
Tseng
,
F. G.
, 2018
, “
Fluorescence-Based Nano-Oxygen Particles for Spatiometric Monitoring of Cell Physiological Conditions
,” ACS Appl. Mater Interfaces
,
10
(36
), pp. 30163
–30171
.10.1021/acsami.8b1071541.
Li
,
C.
,
Huang
,
Z.
,
Gao
,
N.
,
Zheng
,
J.
, and
Guan
,
J.
, 2019
, “
Injectable, Thermosensitive, Fast Gelation, Bioeliminable, and Oxygen Sensitive Hydrogels
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C, Mater. Biol. Appl.
,
99
, pp. 1191
–1198
.10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.07542.
Simmons
,
A. D.
,
Williams
,
C.
, 3rd
,
Degoix
,
A.
, and
Sikavitsas
,
V. I.
, 2017
, “
Sensing Metabolites for the Monitoring of Tissue Engineered Construct Cellularity in Perfusion Bioreactors
,” Biosensor Bioelectron.
,
90
, pp. 443
–449
.10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.09443.
Westphal
,
I.
,
Jedelhauser
,
C.
,
Liebsch
,
G.
,
Wilhelmi
,
A.
,
Aszodi
,
A.
, and
Schieker
,
M.
, 2017
, “
Oxygen Mapping: Probing a Novel Seeding Strategy for Bone Tissue Engineering
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
114
(4
), pp. 894
–902
.10.1002/bit.2620244.
Tschiersch
,
H.
,
Liebsch
,
G.
,
Borisjuk
,
L.
,
Stangelmayer
,
A.
, and
Rolletschek
,
H.
, 2012
, “
An Imaging Method for Oxygen Distribution, Respiration and Photosynthesis at a Microscopic Level of Resolution
,” New Phytol.
,
196
(3
), pp. 926
–936
.10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04295.x45.
Giuntini
,
F.
,
Chauhan
,
V. M.
,
Aylott
,
J. W.
,
Rosser
,
G. A.
,
Athanasiadis
,
A.
,
Beeby
,
A.
,
MacRobert
,
A. J.
,
Brown
,
R. A.
, and
Boyle
,
R. W.
, 2014
, “
Conjugatable Water-Soluble Pt(II) and Pd(II) Porphyrin Complexes: Novel Nano- and Molecular Probes for Optical Oxygen Tension Measurement in Tissue Engineering
,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
,
13
(7
), pp. 1039
–1051
.10.1039/C4PP00026A46.
Lee
,
A. L.
,
Gee
,
C. T.
,
Weegman
,
B. P.
,
Einstein
,
S. A.
,
Juelfs
,
A. R.
,
Ring
,
H. L.
,
Hurley
,
K. R.
,
Egger
,
S. M.
,
Swindlehurst
,
G.
,
Garwood
,
M.
,
Pomerantz
,
W. C. K.
, and
Haynes
,
C. L.
, 2017
, “
Oxygen Sensing With Perfluorocarbon-Loaded Ultraporous Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles
,” ACS Nano
,
11
(6
), pp. 5623
–5632
.10.1021/acsnano.7b0100647.
Carrier
,
R. L.
,
Rupnick
,
M.
,
Langer
,
R.
,
Schoen
,
F. J.
,
Freed
,
L. E.
, and
Vunjak-Novakovic
,
G.
, 2002
, “
Effects of Oxygen on Engineered Cardiac Muscle
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
78
(6
), pp. 617
–625
.10.1002/bit.1024548.
Carrier
,
R. L.
,
Rupnick
,
M.
,
Langer
,
R.
,
Schoen
,
F. J.
,
Freed
,
L. E.
, and
Vunjak-Novakovic
,
G.
, 2002
, “
Perfusion Improves TissueArchitecture of Engineered Cardiac Muscle
,” Tissue Eng.
,
8
(2
), pp. 175
–188
.10.1089/10763270275372495049.
Wendt
,
D.
,
Stroebel
,
S.
,
Jakob
,
M.
,
John
,
G. T.
, and
Martin
,
I.
, 2006
, “
Uniform Tissues Engineered by Seeding and Culturing Cells in 3D Scaffolds Under Perfusion at Defined Oxygen Tensions
,” Biorheology
,
43
(3,4
), pp. 481
–488
.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16912419/50.
Santoro
,
R.
,
Krause
,
C.
,
Martin
,
I.
, and
Wendt
,
D.
, 2012
, “
On-Line Monitoring of Oxygen as a Non-Destructive Method to Quantify Cells in Engineered 3D Tissue Constructs
,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med.
,
6
(9
), pp. 696
–701
.10.1002/term.47351.
Lambrechts
,
T.
,
Papantoniou
,
I.
,
Sonnaert
,
M.
,
Schrooten
,
J.
, and
Aerts
,
J. M.
, 2014
, “
Model-Based Cell Number Quantification Using Online Single-Oxygen Sensor Data for Tissue Engineering Perfusion Bioreactors
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
111
(10
), pp. 1982
–1992
.10.1002/bit.2527452.
Schmid
,
J.
,
Schwarz
,
S.
,
Meier-Staude
,
R.
,
Sudhop
,
S.
,
Clausen-Schaumann
,
H.
,
Schieker
,
M.
, and
Huber
,
R.
, 2018
, “
A Perfusion Bioreactor System for Cell Seeding and Oxygen-Controlled Cultivation of Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures
,” Tissue Eng. Part C Methods
,
24
(10
), pp. 585
–595
.10.1089/ten.tec.2018.020453.
Janssen
,
F. W.
,
van Dijkhuizen-Radersma
,
R.
,
Van Oorschot
,
A.
,
Oostra
,
J.
,
de Bruijn
,
J. D.
, and
Van Blitterswijk
,
C. A.
, 2009
, “
Human Tissue-Engineered Bone Produced in Clinically Relevant Amounts Using a Semi-Automated Perfusion Bioreactor System: A Preliminary Study
,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med.
,
4
(1
), pp. n/a
–24
.10.1002/term.19754.
Volkmer
,
E.
,
Drosse
,
I.
,
Otto
,
S.
,
Stangelmayer
,
A.
,
Stengele
,
M.
,
Kallukalam
,
B. C.
,
Mutschler
,
W.
, and
Schieker
,
M.
, 2008
, “
Hypoxia in Static and Dynamic 3D Culture Systems for Tissue Engineering of Bone
,” Tissue Eng. Part A
,
14
(8
), pp. 1331
–1340
.10.1089/ten.tea.2007.023155.
Yeatts
,
A. B.
,
Choquette
,
D. T.
, and
Fisher
,
J. P.
, 2013
, “
Bioreactors to Influence Stem Cell Fate: Augmentation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Pathways Via Dynamic Culture Systems
,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta
,
1830
(2
), pp. 2470
–2480
.10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.06.00756.
Orcheston-Findlay
,
L.
,
Hashemi
,
A.
,
Garrill
,
A.
, and
Nock
,
V.
, 2018
, “
A Microfluidic Gradient Generator to Simulate the Oxygen Microenvironment in Cancer Cell Culture
,” Microelectron. Eng.
,
195
, pp. 107
–113
.10.1016/j.mee.2018.04.01157.
Ayuso
,
J. M.
,
Virumbrales-Munoz
,
M.
,
McMinn
,
P. H.
,
Rehman
,
S.
,
Gomez
,
I.
,
Karim
,
M. R.
,
Trusttchel
,
R.
,
Wisinski
,
K. B.
,
Beebe
,
D. J.
, and
Skala
,
M. C.
, 2019
, “
Tumor-on-a-Chip: A Microfluidic Model to Study Cell Response to Environmental Gradients
,” Lab Chip
,
19
(20
), pp. 3461
–3471
.10.1039/C9LC00270G58.
Chen
,
Y. A.
,
King
,
A. D.
,
Shih
,
H. C.
,
Peng
,
C. C.
,
Wu
,
C. Y.
,
Liao
,
W. H.
, and
Tung
,
Y. C.
, 2011
, “
Generation of Oxygen Gradients in Microfluidic Devices for Cell Culture Using Spatially Confined Chemical Reactions
,” Lab Chip
,
11
(21
), pp. 3626
–3633
.10.1039/c1lc20325h59.
Riess
,
J. G.
, 2005
, “
Understanding the Fundamentals of Perfluorocarbons and Perfluorocarbon Emulsions Relevant to In Vivo Oxygen Delivery
,” Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol.
,
33
(1
), pp. 47
–63
.10.1081/BIO-20004665960.
Lowe
,
K. C.
,
Davey
,
M. R.
, and
Power
,
J. B.
, 1998
, “
Perfluorochemicals: Their Applications and Benefits to Cell Culture
,” Trends Biotechnol.
,
16
(6
), pp. 272
–277
.10.1016/S0167-7799(98)01205-061.
Chin
,
K.
,
Khattak
,
S. F.
,
Bhatia
,
S. R.
, and
Roberts
,
S. C.
, 2008
, “
Hydrogel-Perfluorocarbon Composite Scaffold Promotes Oxygen Transport to Immobilized Cells
,” Biotechnol. Prog.
,
24
(2
), pp. 358
–366
.10.1021/bp070160f62.
Khattak
,
S. F.
,
Chin
,
K-S.
,
Bhatia
,
S. R.
, and
Roberts
,
S. C.
, 2007
, “
Enhancing Oxygen Tension and Cellular Function in Alginate Cell Encapsulation Devices Through the Use of Perfluorocarbons
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
,
96
(1
), pp. 156
–166
.10.1002/bit.2115163.
White
,
J. C.
,
Stoppel
,
W. L.
,
Roberts
,
S. C.
, and
Bhatia
,
S. R.
, 2013
, “
Addition of Perfluorocarbons to Alginate Hydrogels Significantly Impacts Molecular Transport and Fracture Stress
,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A
,
101A
(2
), pp. 438
–446
.10.1002/jbm.a.3434464.
Niu
,
H.
,
Li
,
C.
,
Guan
,
Y.
,
Dang
,
Y.
,
Li
,
X.
,
Fan
,
Z.
,
Shen
,
J.
,
Ma
,
L.
, and
Guan
,
J.
, 2020
, “
High Oxygen Preservation Hydrogels to Augment Cell Survival Under Hypoxic Condition
,” Acta Biomater
,
105
, pp. 56
–67
.10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.01765.
Harrison
,
B. S.
,
Eberli
,
D.
,
Lee
,
S. J.
,
Atala
,
A.
, and
Yoo
,
J. J.
, 2007
, “
Oxygen Producing Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration
,” Biomaterials
,
28
(31
), pp. 4628
–4634
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.00366.
Oh
,
S. H.
,
Ward
,
C. L.
,
Atala
,
A.
,
Yoo
,
J. J.
, and
Harrison
,
B. S.
, 2009
, “
Oxygen Generating Scaffolds for Enhancing Engineered Tissue Survival
,” Biomaterials
,
30
(5
), pp. 757
–762
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.06567.
Fan
,
Z.
,
Xu
,
Z.
,
Niu
,
H.
,
Gao
,
N.
,
Guan
,
Y.
,
Li
,
C.
,
Dang
,
Y.
,
Cui
,
X.
,
Liu
,
X. L.
,
Duan
,
Y.
,
Li
,
H.
,
Zhou
,
X.
,
Lin
,
P.-H.
,
Ma
,
J.
, and
Guan
,
J.
, 2018
, “
An Injectable Oxygen Release System to Augment Cell Survival and Promote Cardiac Repair Following Myocardial Infarction
,” Sci. Rep.
,
8
(1
), p. 1371
.10.1038/s41598-018-19906-w68.
Camci-Unal
,
G.
,
Alemdar
,
N.
,
Annabi
,
N.
, and
Khademhosseini
,
A.
,
2013
, “
Oxygen-Releasing Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering
,” Polym. Int.
,
62
(6
), pp. 843
–848
.10.1002/pi.450269.
Pedraza
,
E.
,
Coronel
,
M. M.
,
Fraker
,
C. A.
,
Ricordi
,
C.
, and
Stabler
,
C. L.
, 2012
, “
Preventing Hypoxia-Induced Cell Death in Beta Cells and Islets Via Hydrolytically Activated, Oxygen-Generating Biomaterials
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
,
109
(11
), pp. 4245
–4250
.10.1073/pnas.111356010970.
Li
,
Z.
,
Guo
,
X.
, and
Guan
,
J.
, 2012
, “
An Oxygen Release System to Augment Cardiac Progenitor Cell Survival and Differentiation Under Hypoxic Condition
,” Biomaterials
,
33
(25
), pp. 5914
–5923
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.01271.
Ng
,
S. M.
,
Choi
,
J. Y.
,
Han
,
H. S.
,
Huh
,
J. S.
, and
Lim
,
J. O.
, 2010
, “
Novel Microencapsulation of Potential Drugs With Low Molecular Weight and High Hydrophilicity: Hydrogen Peroxide as a Candidate Compound
,” Int. J. Pharm.
,
384
(1–2
), pp. 120
–127
.10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.00572.
Guaccio
,
A.
,
Borselli
,
C.
,
Oliviero
,
O.
, and
Netti
,
P. A.
, 2008
, “
Oxygen Consumption of Chondrocytes in Agarose and Collagen Gels: A Comparative Analysis
,” Biomaterials
,
29
(10
), pp. 1484
–1493
.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.02073.
Stoppel
,
W. L.
,
White
,
J. C.
,
Horava
,
S. D.
,
Bhatia
,
S. R.
, and
Roberts
,
S. C.
, 2011
, “
Transport of Biological Molecules in Surfactant-Alginate Composite Hydrogels
,” Acta Biomater.
,
7
(11
), pp. 3988
–3998
.10.1016/j.actbio.2011.07.00974.
Singh
,
B.
,
Sharma
,
S.
, and
Dhiman
,
A.
, 2013
, “
Design of Antibiotic Containing Hydrogel Wound Dressings: Biomedical Properties and Histological Study of Wound Healing
,” Int. J. Pharm.
,
457
(1
), pp. 82
–91
.10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.02875.
Patil
,
P. S.
,
Evancho-Chapman
,
M. M.
,
Li
,
H.
,
Huang
,
H.
,
George
,
R. L.
,
Shriver
,
L. P.
, and
Leipzig
,
N. D.
, 2018
, “
Fluorinated Methacrylamide Chitosan Hydrogel Dressings Enhance Healing in an Acute Porcine Wound Model
,” PLoS One
,
13
(9
), p. e0203371
.10.1371/journal.pone.020337176.
Wijekoon
,
A.
,
Fountas-Davis
,
N.
, and
Leipzig
,
N. D.
, 2013
, “
Fluorinated Methacrylamide Chitosan Hydrogel Systems as Adaptable Oxygen Carriers for Wound Healing
,” Acta Biomater.
,
9
(3
), pp. 5653
–5664
.10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.03477.
Jee
,
J. P.
,
Pangeni
,
R.
,
Jha
,
S. K.
,
Byun
,
Y.
, and
Park
,
J. W.
, 2019
, “
Preparation and In Vivo Evaluation of a Topical Hydrogel System Incorporating Highly Skin-Permeable Growth Factors, Quercetin, and Oxygen Carriers for Enhanced Diabetic Wound-Healing Therapy
,” Int. J. Nanomed.
,
14
, pp. 5449
–5475
.10.2147/IJN.S21388378.
Madden
,
L. R.
,
Mortisen
,
D. J.
,
Sussman
,
E. M.
,
Dupras
,
S. K.
,
Fugate
,
J. A.
,
Cuy
,
J. L.
,
Hauch
,
K. D.
,
Laflamme
,
M. A.
,
Murry
,
C. E.
, and
Ratner
,
B. D.
, 2010
, “
Proangiogenic Scaffolds as Functional Templates for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
,
107
(34
), pp. 15211
–15216
.10.1073/pnas.100644210779.
Thomson
,
K. S.
,
Korte
,
F. S.
,
Giachelli
,
C. M.
,
Ratner
,
B. D.
,
Regnier
,
M.
, and
Scatena
,
M.
, 2013
, “
Prevascularized Microtemplated Fibrin Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications
,” Tissue Eng. Part A
,
19
(7–8
), pp. 967
–977
.10.1089/ten.tea.2012.028680.
Lee
,
J. B.
,
Kim
,
D.-H.
,
Yoon
,
J.-K.
,
Park
,
D. B.
,
Kim
,
H.-S.
,
Shin
,
Y. M.
,
Baek
,
W.
,
Kang
,
M.-L.
,
Kim
,
H. J.
, and
Sung
,
H.-J.
, 2020
, “
Microchannel Network Hydrogel Induced Ischemic Blood Perfusion Connection
,” Nat. Commun.
,
11
(1
), p. 615
.10.1038/s41467-020-14480-081.
Arakawa
,
C. K.
,
Badeau
,
B. A.
,
Zheng
,
Y.
, and
DeForest
,
C. A.
, 2017
, “
Multicellular Vascularized Engineered Tissues Through User-Programmable Biomaterial Photodegradation
,” Adv. Mater.
,
29
(37
), p. 1703156
.10.1002/adma.201703156Copyright © 2021 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
