There is a significant need for fixed biological tissues with desired structural and material constituents for tissue engineering applications. Here, we introduce the lung ligament as a fixed biological material that may have clinical utility for tissue engineering. To characterize the lung tissue for potential clinical applications, we studied glutaraldehyde-treated porcine pulmonary ligament (n = 11) with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and conducted biaxial planar experiments to characterize the mechanical property of the tissue. The MPM imaging revealed that there are generally two families of collagen fibers distributed in two distinct layers: The first family largely aligns along the longitudinal direction with a mean angle of θ = 10.7 ± 9.3 deg, while the second one exhibits a random distribution with a mean θ = 36.6 ± 27.4. Elastin fibers appear in some intermediate sublayers with a random orientation distribution with a mean θ = 39.6 ± 23 deg. Based on the microstructural observation, a microstructure-based constitutive law was proposed to model the elastic property of the tissue. The material parameters were identified by fitting the model to the biaxial stress–strain data of specimens, and good fitting quality was achieved. The parameter (which denotes the strain beyond which the collagen can withstand tension) of glutaraldehyde-treated tissues demonstrated low variability implying a relatively consistent collagen undulation in different samples, while the stiffness parameters for elastin and collagen fibers showed relatively greater variability. The fixed tissues presented a smaller than that of fresh specimen, confirming that glutaraldehyde crosslinking increases the mechanical strength of collagen-based biomaterials. The present study sheds light on the biomechanics of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine pulmonary ligament that may be a candidate for tissue engineering.
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June 2016
Research-Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Glutaraldehyde-Treated Porcine Pulmonary Ligament Available to Purchase
Huan Chen,
Huan Chen
California Medical Innovations Institute,
San Diego, CA 92121
San Diego, CA 92121
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Xuefeng Zhao,
Xuefeng Zhao
California Medical Innovations Institute,
San Diego, CA 92121
San Diego, CA 92121
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Zachary C. Berwick,
Zachary C. Berwick
3DT Holdings, LLC,
San Diego, CA 92121
San Diego, CA 92121
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Joshua F. Krieger,
Joshua F. Krieger
Cook Medical, Inc.,
Bloomington, IN 47402
Bloomington, IN 47402
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Sean Chambers,
Sean Chambers
Cook Medical, Inc.,
Bloomington, IN 47402
Bloomington, IN 47402
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Ghassan S. Kassab
Ghassan S. Kassab
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Huan Chen
California Medical Innovations Institute,
San Diego, CA 92121
San Diego, CA 92121
Xuefeng Zhao
California Medical Innovations Institute,
San Diego, CA 92121
San Diego, CA 92121
Zachary C. Berwick
3DT Holdings, LLC,
San Diego, CA 92121
San Diego, CA 92121
Joshua F. Krieger
Cook Medical, Inc.,
Bloomington, IN 47402
Bloomington, IN 47402
Sean Chambers
Cook Medical, Inc.,
Bloomington, IN 47402
Bloomington, IN 47402
Ghassan S. Kassab
1H. Chen and X. Zhao contributed equally to this work.
2Corresponding author.
Manuscript received June 22, 2015; final manuscript received March 21, 2016; published online April 27, 2016. Assoc. Editor: Hai-Chao Han.
J Biomech Eng. Jun 2016, 138(6): 061003 (9 pages)
Published Online: April 27, 2016
Article history
Received:
June 22, 2015
Revised:
March 21, 2016
Citation
Chen, H., Zhao, X., Berwick, Z. C., Krieger, J. F., Chambers, S., and Kassab, G. S. (April 27, 2016). "Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Glutaraldehyde-Treated Porcine Pulmonary Ligament." ASME. J Biomech Eng. June 2016; 138(6): 061003. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4033300
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