... directions for green adjuvants. green sustainable biobased consumer surfactant solvent marketing PESTICIDE FORMULATION AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS 87 STP 1641, 2022 / available online at www.astm.org / doi: 10.1520/STP164120210057 Miriam E. Goldsmith1 and David C. Ferguson1 Review of Green Adjuvants...

... The application of soil surfactants in wildfire-affected ecosystems has been limited due to logistical and economic constraints associated with the standard practice of using large quantities of irrigation water as the surfactant carrier. We tested a potential solution to this problem that uses...

... included different combinations of water, a nonionic colloidal polymer drift retardant, an alkyl polyoxyethylene surfactant, and an insecticide. The droplet evaporation was investigated on the surfaces of hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass slides which represented ideal non-waxy and waxy leaf surfaces...

... by the water solubility of clomazone. Even for excessive residence times in the spray tank, the volatility from the soil surface increased only slightly and was well within the acceptable range, for dilutions used for agricultural spray application. Improper addition of solvents and surfactants...

... weight data indicate that HM 9121-A performs somewhat better than HM9110. fluorescence imaging fluorescence imaging glyphosate adjuvant formulation surfactant Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 4, No. 9 Paper ID JAI100880 Available online at www.astm.org H. de Ruiter,1 B. Mack,2 R. van...

... A study was conducted to determine whether the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides, formulated with Biodac 2 (an inert carrier granule derived from paper recycling waste) could be enhanced through the addition of surfactants. Thus, a series of formulations of permethrin on Biodac was prepared...

... a reflection of surfactant level in the spray mixture. There was a significant formulation X leaf interaction and leaf X nozzle interaction, but not a formulation X nozzle interaction. droplet rebound bounce chamber surfactant glyphosate leaf surface Journal of ASTM International, October 2005...

... formulations include herbicide efficacy data, surfactant properties, and fertilizer compatibility. 2,4-D surfactant fertilizer compatibility herbicide Joumal of ASTM International, March 2005, Vol. 2, No. 3 Paper ID JAI12161 Available onlineat www.astm.org Gregory C Volgas, 1Robert E. Mack, 2...

... phytotoxicity of formulations and spray application parameters like water volume and drop size. fluorescence imaging fluorescence imaging adjuvant formulation surfactant Journal of ASTM International, July/August2005, Vol. 2, No. 7 Paper ID JAIl2159 Available online at www.astm.org Hans de Ruiter...

... mixture contained active ingredient (a.i.) 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-l-H-pyrazole (CMN-P) at about 350 mg/L a.i., a surfactant, a drift retardant, and a fluorescent tracer. Leaf samples were collected from different locations on the bed and ditch sides, and deposition was determined by fluorometry...

... Structured Surfactant Formulations (SSF) are close-packed three-dimensional matrices of a liquid crystalline phase that suspend insoluble pesticide materials. The active ingredient can be either solid or liquid. Additional actives and/or adjuvants can be dissolved or suspended in the formulation...

.... It will be discussed in how far adjuvants may overcome this antagonistic effect of calcium. 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2,4-D amine adjuvant surfactant pH ion-pair Hans de RuiterI 2,4-D Salts and Adjuvants-Review and Perspectives Reference: De Ruiter, H., "2,4-D Salts and Adjuvants-Review...

... acidic spray mixtures. For example, all pH adjusters tested enhanced the activity of nicosulfuron in a spray volume of 140 L/ha with 0.1% w/w silicone surfactant blend on common cocklebur ( Xanthium strumarium L.) and large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Generally, the most effective pH...

... Dynamic interfacial tension (DIT) measurements have been employed to investigate the formation dynamics of iso-octyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D IOE) concentrated emulsion (EW) by citric acid alkylether ester (AEC) emulsifiers. Both of the AEC surfactants, AEC-1 and AEC-3, were found...

... salts surfactant translocation Environmental Protection Agency Ralph W. Magin1 Glyphosate: Twenty-Eight Years and Still Growing- The Discovery, Development, and Impact of this Herbicide on the Agrichemical Industry Reference: Magin, Ralph W., "Glyphosate: Twenty-Eight Years and Still Growing...

... of the solvent system. These formulations include both emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and a microemulsifiable concentrate (MEC). alkylene carbonate phytotoxicity adjuvant solvent emulsifiable concentrate microemulsifiable concentrate surfactant emulsifier Curtis M. Elsik, 1Howard M. Stridde, 1and...

... and had excellent dilution characteristics in 34, 342, and 1000 ppm water. Glasshouse tests demonstrated that the 2,4-D IOE EW was as efficacious as the commercial 2,4-D LV EC formulation. 2 4-D IOE surfactant alkyl ether citrate emulsifier emulsion FBRM focused beam reflectance measurements...

... The phytotoxicity of adjuvants depends on the amount of surfactant deposited per unit of leaf area, the penetration of the surfactant into the leaf, and the cellular toxicity. In this study we investigated the cellular toxicity by determining the leakage of electrolytes from potato discs. We...

... properties of the adjuvants. With a more appropriate scientific base, remedial measures may protect field performance of glyphosate and reduce farm costs. glyphosate cations calcium antagonism adjuvant ammonium sulfate surfactant Hans de Ruiter, 1Roger A. Downer,2 Andr6 J. M. Uffing, t Timothy...

.... experimental design statistical design formulation emulsifiable concentrate surfactant surfactant blend linear alkylbenzene sulfonate alcohol ethoxylate alcohol alkoxylate Samir S. Ashrawi, l Curtis M. Elsik, i Howard M. Stridde, 1and George A. Smith t Strategies for Agricultural Formulations...