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Keywords: surfaces
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eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 2006
ISBN-10: 0-8031-3405-3
ISBN: 978-0-8031-3405-8
... and protective oxide, which allows aluminum to safely contain high-pressure oxygen in certain applications. The ignitability of aluminum varies between alloys and surface treatments so a test method was developed to evaluate the ignitability of various aluminum surfaces. The test method uses a promoted ignition...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 2006
ISBN-10: 0-8031-3499-1
ISBN: 978-0-8031-3499-7
... Conformity in methods for sampling and analysis of beryllium in workplace air and on surfaces is desired, but inconsistencies in sampling and analytical practices often occur among industrial hygienists and laboratory personnel. In an effort to address these issues, this paper gives an overview...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 2001
ISBN-10: 0-8031-2883-5
ISBN: 978-0-8031-2883-5
... of the low viscosity of a high water-based fluid, the loading of the surfaces in water hydraulic systems is much higher than in a machine operating with oil. The low viscosity produces smaller gaps in tribological contacts. It is possible that the surfaces of a tribological contact will not be separated...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1997
ISBN-10: 0-8031-2400-7
ISBN: 978-0-8031-2400-4
.... There is no question that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the players' performance, equipment, the facilities, and the injuries. It must be acknowledged that regardless of the surface, facility, or equipment, football has inherent risks. This paper addresses those aspects of the football field surface...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1996
ISBN-10: 0-8031-2030-3
ISBN: 978-0-8031-2030-3
... Two different kinds of particle measurement principals registered a buildup of small particles (0.01 μm and larger) produced from contaminated room surfaces exposed to sidestream tobacco smoke (SS). We show that room surfaces can act as secondary sources, after being contaminated with SS, when...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1990
ISBN-10: 0-8031-4478-4
ISBN: 978-0-8031-4478-1
... The damage to optics from high power laser radiation depends in part upon the surface films on the system optics. Approaches to hardening these surfaces to these types of radiation have focused on layered film compositions and upon the reduction of structural defects in the films...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1988
ISBN-10: 0-8031-4477-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-4477-4
... An initial set of experiments has been conducted to determine the practicality of laser processing of thin film coatings. A high average power CO 2 laser was used to flood load the entire surface of each test sample. Thin film coatings of HfO 2 and MgF 2 on fused silica substrates were...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1988
ISBN-10: 0-8031-4481-4
ISBN: 978-0-8031-4481-1
... The laser-induced emission of neutral constituents and impurities from surfaces of several optical materials is shown to be correlated with optical surface damage thresholds. The characteristics of the emission can be utilized to investigate physical processes involved in the absorption of laser...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1985
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0441-3
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0441-9
.... microhardness surfaces mechanical properties elastic recovery gold nickel lithium fluoride silicon microindentation hardness testing W. C. Oliver, ^ R. Hutchings, ^ and J. B. Pethica^ Measurement of Hardness at Indentation Depths as Low as 20 Nanometres REFERENCE: Oliver, W. C , Hutchings, R...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1983
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0240-2
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0240-8
...-cost collectors, and (2) Pt-Al 2 O 3 cermet coatings that are stable at 600 °C in air and applicable to medium and high temperature collectors. steels microstructure solar energy coatings surfaces selective absorber vacuum deposition sputtering J.A. Thornton^ Research on Sputter...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1983
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0708-0
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0708-3
... for the upper-level laser intensities which are connected with admissible elastic surface distortion, plastic flow of the material, fatigue distributions, and melting of the surface layer are calculated. CW optical deformation pulsed surfaces thermo-elastic stress STP799-EB/Sep. 1983 Ihermo-Elastic...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1982
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0785-4
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0785-4
... Objectives of this study were to evaluate standard and experimental surfaces throughout Kentucky in terms of skid resistance and effects of traffic, and to provide criteria for judging suitability of these surfaces to satisfy requirements for skid resistance and economics. The effects of traffic...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1978
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0543-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0543-0
... Some problems concerning the quantitative analysis of surfaces originate with the surface itself due to chemical inhomogeneity, roughness, selective diffusion, and grain boundary segregation. Therefore, it is difficult to prepare surface standards. Two choices exist. Either well-characterized...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1978
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0543-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0543-0
... The unique physical nature of glass results in numerous surface phenomena which have long been unexplained due to difficulties experienced by analytical chemists undertaking their study. Modern, sophisticated surface analysis instrumentation now permits analysis of surfaces from the top...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1978
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0545-2
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0545-4
... localization in the ferritic lamellae. By direct correlation studies of fracture surface and microstructure, it has been further shown that a crack usually does not change direction at pearlite colony boundaries. Rather, the prior austenite grain size is the controlling agent for the more effective obstacle...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1976
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0584-3
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0584-3
... in the decay of the vacancy. The masses are determined from the recoil momentum imparted to a noble gas ion or by removing atoms from the surface, by sputtering or high electric fields, for analysis in a mass spectrometer. Quantitative analysis, which is not yet possible, will depend on an understanding...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1974
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0343-3
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0343-6
... with that in parent material; (3) establishment of the rate and direction of growth of surface flaws under tension and combined tension and bending; and (4) comparison of the rate of growth of surface flaws in plates under spectrum loading with calculated rates based on data from constant amplitude loading of compact...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1973
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0564-9
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0564-5
... variety of textures and settings with which colors are often perceived, there is a limited degree of color constancy of objects under varying conditions of brightness, size, and shape. senses perception visual perception memory surfaces images J. W. Johnston, Jr.^ Mechanism of Vision...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1973
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0564-9
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0564-5
... The goals of the research efforts described in this paper were (1) to establish a rational technique for the selection of the visual properties of architectural surfaces and (2) to determine the psychophysical relationships between objective measurements of surfaces and their psychological...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1973
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0328-X
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0328-3
... Neutron-induced void formation in 300 series stainless steels was simulated by 1000-keV electron bombardment of thin foils in a high-voltage microscope. Stereomicroscopy was used to determine the effect of surface proximity and to establish minimum foil thickness criteria for irradiations...