... Rock is a natural brittle material, and under compressive stresses fracture and failure occur by initiation, growth and interaction of microcracks forming macroscopic cracks and finally leading to a fault. As stress vs. volumetric strain curve can give only qualitative results, both...

... Surface wave measurements were made in horizontal drilled shafts in rock salt to characterize the stiffness of the rock around the shafts. The Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) method was used to determine dispersion curves of surface wave velocity versus wavelength. Dispersion curves...

..., and terminology. The process of developing such standards in relation to a variety of water resources, waste management, and environmental problems are described. contamination environmental assessment ground water open-channel flow petroleum releases rock soil storage tanks vadose zone water...

... of this concept. One tool utilizes a stack of piezoelectric wafers as its active element. This source generates a high-frequency (1 to 25 kHz) signal which is appropriate for measurement within stiff materials such as rock. The other tool utilizes a solenoid as its active element and generates a low frequency (50...

... acidity must be known in many processes in order to preserve near-neutral material. The standard method for assaying agricultural limestones was adapted to quantify native alkalinity in calcareous rocks exposed by coal surface mining. Data from these analyses continue to provide the surface mining...

... The ASTM Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregate for Concrete (C 295) includes provisions appropriate for the examination of large stone in Section 11.1 on Ledge Rock. That standard outlines procedures to be used. In this paper information obtained from petrographic examination...

... During a recent detailed study, AE signals generated from rock specimens stressed to failure during uniaxial compressive tests were monitored and recorded on a SONY (AV-3650) videocorder. Various AE parameters, including: amplitude, pulse width, ringdown count, rms level, etc…, were...

... A classification system that has been developed for the characterization of the excavatability of soils and rocks is reviewed briefly. The system comprises an adaption of the Norwegian Q classification developed for the characterization of tunnel support. It enables a through-going...

... The significance of true triaxial tests instead of conventional tests has been enhanced because of the need for generalized constitutive laws for geomaterials. To investigate the behavior of rock masses having restricted conditions for strains, tests of marble under strain rate control as well...

... A system for fracture toughness determination of rock using a short-rod specimen is described and evaluated. The calibration of the specimen by finite-element analysis for two loading cases is reviewed. A description of the preparation procedure is given showing the practicality of the testing...

... and steel must be accounted for in the energy criterion. Furthermore, the bond slip of bars near the crack band must be taken into account, which may conveniently be done in terms of the equivalent free-slip length of steel bars. fracture mechanics concrete rock concrete structures cracking crack...

... The water transmission characteristics of rock formations are far more variable than those of most soils. The flow conduits include (1) primary porosity, the voids between mineral grains or fragments; (2) genetic porosity, voids which developed within the rock during its formation; and (3...

... This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the subject of acoustic emission as it pertains to the area of rock mechanics, and includes references to some 150 recent papers. Although a limited discussion of laboratory oriented studies are included, the major thrust of the paper is to field...

... An investigation of ten rock types in unconfined compression has led to four distinct types of stress versus acoustic emission response curves, that is, signatures. These are the originally proposed Mogi type, and three variations of this generalized behavior, that is, unstable, dense, and dense...

... is presented. impact pressure distribution fluid jet augmentation droplet impact erosion rock converging nozzle M. Mazurkiewicz,1 C. R. Barker,2 and D. A. Summers2 Adaptation of Jet Accumulation Techniques for Enhanced Rock Cutting REFERENCE: Mazurkiewicz, M., Barker, C. R., and Summers, D...

... The resonant-column test is a relatively nondestructive test employing wave propagation in cylindrical specimens of soil and rock. Test results are usually quite accurate, but in some cases insufficient coupling exists between specimen and apparatus or specimens are too stiff for a given...

... Field and laboratory test data from twelve construction sites show that the Velocity Index and the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) are indexes of in situ rock quality. The Velocity Index is the square of the ratio of the field seismic or sonic velocity to the laboratory sonic velocity. The RQD...

... Questionnaires circulated throughout the world provided information on research and practice in the use of nuclear meters for moisture and density measurements in soils. The study was sponsored by Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock for Engineering Purposes, American Society for Testing...

... Various procedures and associated instrumentation that have been used to measure the absolute or change in strain, deformation, and stress in rock are reviewed. The merits, limitations, and undesirable features in each procedure are discussed. The results of a number of in situ investigations...