... significant and systematic progress in fire modeling, based on a fundamental understanding of fire phenomena. In 2016, the Condensed Phase Phenomena MaCFP Subgroup was formed to maintain an effort focused on improving the predictive capabilities of numerical simulations of thermal decomposition and pyrolysis...

.... Results show the specific heat capacity of wood becomes nearly constant with increasing temperature once pyrolysis starts. Furthermore, for both species of woods, the heat capacity values level out at a higher temperature than leaves, with correspondingly higher final specific heat capacity values...

... As wood is exposed to high temperatures, pyrolysis begins, permanently altering the material properties as volatiles and char are formed. The rate at which char is formed is used to predict failure times for timber members and has been shown to be inversely related to the density of the wood...

... Four processes for the conversion of coal to liquid products are described. Pyrolysis is the simplest of these processes, but usually less than 50 % of the carbon can be converted to liquid product with the remainder being a carbon char. Direct coal liquefaction resembles pyrolysis except...

.... thermal analysis pyrolysis combustion household waste TG-FTIR-MS Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 4, No. 1 Paper ID JAI100523 Available online at www.astm.org Zhongxian Cheng,1 Hui-ling Chen,1 Yan Zhang,1 Pauline Hack,1 and Wei-Ping Pan1 An Application of Thermal Analysis to Household Waste...

... pyrolysis methods such as Pyro-microcoulometry and Pyro-UV fluorescence. The technology is based on ASTM D 6920. The instrument is described with special reference to the modifications needed to adapt the technique to on-line analysis. Experimental results are given for long term stability, sensitivity...

..., disorientation, blurred vision, and tingling in legs and arms. Pyrolysis experiments of two jet engine oils and one hydraulic fluid at 525°C showed the engine oils to be important sources of carbon monoxide (CO). The same 5 out of the 10 possible tri-cresyl phosphate (TCP) isomers that were found in the bulk...

.... Pyrolysis (Py) or thermal degradation is the most common method for analyzing binder systems by mass spectrometry. The polymers are thermally degraded into lower-molecular-weight fragments which can be loaded onto a cooled GC column, chromatographed, detected, and identified by MS. Typically, low-molecular...

... be chromatographed easily. Nonvolatile polymers used in coatings can be routinely characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC-MS). Practical examples are presented showing how GC and pyrolysis-GC-MS can be used to monitor the quality of raw materials, resolve manufacturing problems...

... comprises a tube furnace assembly and a quartz tube through which a test gas is flowed over a polymer sample located in a combustion boat. The combustion gas flowing through the infrared test cell is analyzed for pyrolysis products using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. By measuring...

... Two pyrolysis/microcoulometric titration methods for the determination of extractable organic halides in soils and oily waste are described. The first method involves the washing of soil sample in a column packed with granular activated carbon with a dilute nitrate solution to remove interfering...

... dibenzothiophenes. This work describes the pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identification of a homologous series of n -alkylbenzothiophenes extending from C 10 to C 30 in Arabian Heavy asphaltenes. Within each homolog there are at least 22 isomers. The mass spectra of these isomers...

... Ammonia is the predominant nitrogen-containing species formed during the pyrolysis of oil shale. An on-line method of determining ammonia was developed to study kinetics and chemistry of formation and evolution. While fragmentation of water interferes with electron ionization mass spectrometry...

... A study was conducted to develop analytical methods suitable for the characterization of the nonextractable organic mud additives (organic polymers) in drilling mud formulations and sediments. Two analytical techniques were evaluated for this purpose: analytical pyrolysis, which involves...

.... This simulates the pump environment of Nd:glass laser amplifiers. The predominant damage mechanisms appear to be pyrolysis, associated with absorbing Inclusions and photolysis, associated with Intrinsic absorption of the polymer. The amount of damage can be minimized by: (1) careful filtering of the polymer...

... Characterization of polymer mixtures presents a challenging problem and various techniques have been used for this purpose. One of the simpler methods is pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere followed by direct gas chromatographic analysis of the products. Precise control of the various experimental...

... lunar samples by the stepwise heating of these samples to 1400° C. The gases evolved by either hydrolysis or pyrolysis are analyzed in a gas chromatographic system using a helium ionization detector. The sensitivities of this detector for the gases, as analyzed, range from 2 X 10 −1 1 g/s for hydrogen...

... of hazard. When the concentration of flammable volatiles or combustion products is the criterion of safety, calculations require material balances involving quantity of material, rate of evolution, and degree of ventilation. flammability combustion pyrolysis ventilation predictions mixtures fire...

... (smoldering) conditions, and the results are reported in terms of (a) maximum smoke accumulation, (b) maximum rate of smoke accumulation, and (c) the time period to reach an arbitrary “critical” smoke level. smoke combustion pyrolysis aerosols fire tests optical density D. Gross,~ J. J. Loftus...