... This chapter discusses the corrosion in oil pipelines, which carry a mixture of fluids such as hydrocarbons, water, gases, and other miscellaneous substances that drive the internal deterioration of steel surfaces. The chapter explains in detail the corrosive nature of multiphase flows...

... properties, in particular at gas pressure of 15 MPa which is the desirable transmission pressure suggested by economic studies for efficient transport. To investigate the hydrogen embrittlement of pipelines, a hydrogen transport methodology for the calculation of hydrogen accumulation ahead of a crack tip...

... Single specimen J-R curve testing for X80 pipeline steel was conducted using single edge notched bend (SENB) and single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens with various crack lengths. Test data indicate that the J-R curves for this steel are strongly constraint dependent. To facilitate...

.... The technique compensates for density changes in the oil and minimizes the effects of variations in the C/H ratio of the oil. When used on-line the instrument obtains the sulfur measurement in the high- pressure flow conditions required to pump crude oil, typically 800 psig in pipelines. Automatic compensation...

... through the use of a comprehensive thermodynamic model. The temporal and spatial evolution of the trapped water chemistry is examined as a function of external conditions through the use of a reactive-transport model. Pipeline disbonded coating SCC cathodic protection trapped water steel...

... of the double layer capacitance of the coating/metal interface. A model for a coating undergoing disbonding about a macroscopic defect is described. The impedance of a fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) pipeline coating about a large defect is considered in light of this model. The observations approach characteristics...

.... The approximate cost to install and operate the methods is discussed. pipeline leak detection hydrant system statistical evaluation Jairus. D. Flora, Jr. ~, Willlam. D. Glauz l, G. Joe. H e n n o n j LEAK DETECTION METHODS FOR AIRPORT HYDRANT SYSTEMS REFERENCE" Flora, J. D , Jr , Glauz, W. D...

... Leaking underground storage tank systems present an environmental concern and a potential health hazard. It is well known that leaks in the piping associated with these systems account for a sizeable fraction of the leaks. EPA has established performance standards for pipeline leak detection...

... The propagating shear fracture in natural gas transmission pipelines can be theoretically analyzed, and the crack velocity and propagation distance can now be calculated. The propagation theory has a good consistency with the experimental results for 1219 mm (48 in.) outside diameter (OD) × 18.3...

.... Ignition is strongly dependent on oxygen concentration, initial temperature, and, to a lesser extent, pressure. Ignition resistance increases with wall thickness and is practically independent of the diameter of the “hollow vessel.” ignition ignition criteria combustion oxygen pipeline metal...

... problem considered here is that of a surface-defect in a plate; that is, the flat plate analogy is used here for a pipeline. Failure is considered to occur when the ligament ruptures and provides a leakage path. The fracture mechanics model used, called the collapsed ligament model, is based on the work...