... Laboratory testing and actual field observations over the past 15 years have shown that 1 to 4% of hydrated lime has been successful in controlling erosion of highly dispersive clays. The modified pinhole test procedure has been used to determine the amount of hydrated lime needed. Dispersive...

... opportunity for studies that will evaluate and improve identification and treatment of dispersive clays. Some comparisons are already available and are presented in this paper. clays dispersions erosion soil tests pinhole tests sodium ultraviolet radiation hydrated lime sands gravel Peter...

... The pinhole test was used to determine the boundaries between dispersive and nondispersive behavior for a clay shale with respect to acidity and salt concentration in the erosion solution. It was found that, for this soil, a decrease in pH of the eroding water to less than about 4 (using...