... In the oil and gas industry, pipelines are the primary economical and safest method for the transportation of high volumes of hydrocarbon fluids at high flow rates over short and long distances. To transport a greater volume of fluids in pipelines, higher operating pressures are required, while...

..., and in refinery operations. Surfactants are also used in metalworking operations that use water-based fluids to help forge metal parts from raw metal and in formulating fuels and lubricants. oil and gas petroleum recovery drilling fluids completion fluids. acidizing and fracturing fluids enhanced oil...

..., and the natural gas, generically termed gas , may need additional treatment before the next use or sale that is beyond the scope of this chapter. The produced water may need additional treatment depending on what is to be done with the water. The next use may be sale of the oil and gas or perhaps transport...

... Modified cathodic disbondment (CD) experiments were carried out over a period of 14 months using 13 coatings used to protect the external surfaces of oil and gas pipelines. During the experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data were recorded, and after the experiments...

... before any visible∕physical changes to the coating. Modified cathodic disbondment (CD) experiments were carried out over a period of 14 months on 13 coatings used to protect the external surfaces of oil and gas pipelines. During the experiments, EQCM measurements were recorded by placing the quartz...

... A large number of tools are used in corrosion life prediction of new oil and gas facilities during engineering of these projects. The corrosion prediction tools are generally based on laboratory tests and are occasionally verified by field performance. These tools are described in this paper...

... Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) has been evaluated by the oil and gas industry for investigating anodic chloride/sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SCC). It is used not only as a method of screening nickel-base corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) for downhole use, but also as a quality control test...