...). The experimental fuel rods in the Halden were operated in a water-chemistry regime with increased lithium content (10 ppm lithium). During operation of the TVS-K fuel design in the PWR reactor at the Ringhals-3 NPP, the lithium content in the coolant was at the level of 3.5 ppm. The corrosion state of the fuel rod...

... and embrittle vanadium alloys. Oxygen is particularly troublesome because of its prevalence and its relatively high diffusivity. In determining creep behavior, the effects of oxygen must be understood. In the present study, specimens, in the form of pressurized tubes, were exposed to liquid lithium, the coolant...

... to improve our understanding of the detrimental effect of lithium on the corrosion behavior of the Zircaloy-4 cladding, the microstructure of oxide films has been characterized by TEM. Simultaneously, the lithium profiles and concentrations in the oxide layers have been determined using the SIMS technique...

... of the kinetics. These proposed models are then used to investigate the corrosion behavior of Zircaloy-4 cladding in 17 by 17 plants for rods irradiated at high burnups. Higher PWR operating cycles, core average coolant temperature, power, and elevated primary coolant lithium concentrations (3.5 to 4 ppm...

... these areas, we are proposing a model for oxide growth on Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding and Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube material, in lithium hydroxide (LiOH) solutions with and without added boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ). Corrosion exposures were at 360°C and were short term of four-day duration. Concentration of lithium...

... the tests, lithium and bivalent copper have been used as tracers; different types of cementitious matrices and lime-pozzolan mortars have been tested. To correlate the release of these two elements with the intrinsic properties of the matrix and of the immobilized element system, a statistical approach has...

... on the corrosion rates of the Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes. In particular, the assumptions concerning the effect of thermal conditions (heat flux, wall temperature), the irradiation environments, and the chemistry data (lithium content in the coolant) are discussed through the different models. Zircaloy...

... that the activation energy corresponding to Zircaloy oxidation by water does not vary under neutron flux compared to out-of-pile conditions. The influence of irradiation is either a threshold phenomenon dependent on fast neutron flux or a factor related to the chemical environment (for example, inclusion of lithium...

... with this recrystallized microstructure have excellent formability. powder metallurgy superplastic forming lithium rapid solidifcation processing aluminum alloys microstructure refinement low-density high-modulus aluminum PM alloys Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloys Richard J. Lederich, ^ Peter J. Meschter, ^ and Shankar...

... or the area beneath the peak of the signal from the specimen with that from the pure chemical element or a standard of known composition run under identical conditions. Results are given for quantitative analyses of several materials with a lithium-drifted silicon detector, used for X-ray lines above 1 keV...