.... The Topeka Municipal Building is known to have been treated in the 1990s and possibly once before. Both buildings exhibit shallow but consistent depth subflorescence-induced exfoliation of limestone (Indiana, Silverdale, and Kasota) in areas with moisture intrusion. The persistent but variable hydrophobic...

... testing related to the performance of anchors during thermal cycling. In this paper we present a brief history of stone attachments, a review of current published standards, and the results of recent research on thermal cycling and the effect of epoxy in confined holes in limestone attachments. We also...

... for aesthetics or considers physical properties, the natural heterogeneity of stone can result in undesirable issues for appearance or structural performance of the material. When stone cladding performs unexpectedly, an investigation is necessary to diagnose the underlying issues. A fine-grained limestone...

... As part of an evaluation of two types of limestone as candidates for the replacement of limestone tablets at a historic cemetery, we conducted accelerated weathering testing to determine whether the color of limestone samples would change perceptibly after cyclic exposure to moisture...

.... Limitations of current ASTM standards for applications of lime kiln dust are also discussed. lime kiln dust quicklime limestone fly ash hydrated lime Mike Tate1 Lime: Building on the 100-Year Legacy of ASTM Committee C07 STP 1557, 2012 Available online at www.astm.org DOI:10.1520/STP104645 Lime...

... Industry standard test methods for determination of limestone composition and reactivity are crucial for ensuring adequate performance of limestone force-oxidized (LSFO) wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) absorber units. To determine if a limestone will provide design level performance...

... designs in terms of scrubbing performance; but scaling and the associated corrosion in limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) based WFGD towers continues to be a concern with scrubber operations. Scaling in a WFGD system is most often caused by operational factors; however, scaling can also form through...

... A recent restoration project on a 100-year-old, limestone-clad building provided an opportunity to evaluate the efficacy of certain non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques in identifying corrosion-related distress of embedded cramp anchors. After decades of service, progressive corrosion...

... facades on buildings in both Europe and elsewhere have had serious problems with deterioration of the stone material. The TEAM (TEAM = TEsting and Assessment of Marble and limestone) project consortium represents nine European countries and comprises 16 partners, representing stone producers and trade...

... with travertine, limestone, and granite. Old travertine faced specimens had been in service for more than 18 years. The results very strongly suggest that the structural performance of the composite panel is dominated by the aluminum honeycomb portion. The stone portion is essentially a thin veneer adhered...

... The use of dimension stone was commonplace in turn of the century churches and St. George's in Shenandoah, PA, is an example of granite and limestone construction set in the anthracite belt of Eastern Pennsylvania. The structure's two towers, over 100 feet tall, have recently succumbed to age...

... for the stone was Lapis Tiburtinus (Tibur Stone) which later evolved into the word travertine.Travertine is a sedimentary rock that began as limestone. Underground water heated by the earth's core dissolved the limestone and brought it along with other minerals to the earth's surface to form mud beds. In time...

... less than that of kaolinite. Results indicate the importance of silica gel as an additive for the reduction of the permeability in clay soils. soil limestone amorphous silica compaction hydraulic conductivity A. K. Darban I, A. Foriero 2, A. and R. N. Yong 3 The Effect of Soil Composition...

... This paper discusses the methods currently used in the UK to evaluate the durability of limestones when used as stone cladding. This review is combined with an analysis of the data obtained in a study of all commercially available UK building limestones and provides advice concerning the use...

.... Investigations by the author, of distressed granite, limestone, and marble claddings on over 20 buildings have revealed that the common causes of failures in stone claddings on these buildings include the following: 1. Failure of the stone cladding connections in 45 percent of the buildings due to: a. Inadequate...

... Sources of calcium are generally widespread and quite extensive. These sources are limestone, dolomite, marl, chalk, and oyster shell. Cement plants account for nearly half of the demand, while two hundred lime plants in the United States and Puerto Rico consume about twenty five percent. Since...

... Blackened alteration crusts of gypsum plus particulates that form on sheltered areas on marble and limestone buildings pose a challenge for rehabilitation and cleaning. Fresh marble and limestone samples exposed at monitored exposure sites present conditions of simple geometry and well...

... A study of the porosimetric data of limestone samples from the region of the Sphinx reveals that the pore volume distributions obey a power law. It should be possible, therefore, to treat these strata as a fractal structure. We found that each lithologic unit of the Sphinx, below the neck, can...

... limestone lime on-site PCC plants Edward B. Clark 1 Lime Used for Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) for the Paper Industry REFERENCE: Clark, E. B., "Lime Used for Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) for the Paper Industry," Innovations and Usesfor Lime, ASTM STP 1135, D. D. Walker, Jr., T. B. Hardy...

... The recent changes on Brazilian specifications for Portland cement, in order to permit limestone additions, led to the necessity of knowing its influence in several aspects of the cement behavior when applied in civil construction. In this paper the rheological properties, basically yield point...