... The collection of ice and snow on a building enclosure can have multiple impacts on design that require consideration. This includes the design of a building's structural snow and ice load capacity, accessibility or egress due to drifting snow, infiltration of snow into openings or accesses...

... Snow and ice falling from building facades can pose serious safety risks to the public and can place architects, owners, and engineers in a position that is vulnerable to litigation. Design trends such as large mullions, projecting trim, sloped or articulated walls and glazing, and an increased...

... of the existing test method described in ANSI/FM 4473, American National Standard for Impact Resistance Testing of Rigid Roofing Materials by Impacting with Freezer Ice Balls. During this first phase of development, samples of single-ply, built-up, and modified bitumen low slope roof assemblies were subjected...

... This paper describes investigations directed towards the identification of an appropriate fracture parameter for sea ice. It is concluded that for laboratory sized specimens, LEFM is not suitable for characterizing the fracture of warm sea ice. A cohesive crack approach is used to model...

... preparation, specimen installation, and testing for artificially frozen specimens of clay, silt, sand, and ice. At present there is no standard test procedure to evaluate dynamic properties of frozen soils under simulated earthquake loading conditions. The material presented provides a basis...