... Fuel cladding tubes made of zirconium alloys, are subjected in reactor to a complex loading history under nominal operating conditions. Furthermore, they exhibit a complex deformation behavior resulting from irradiation-induced growth, irradiation creep and thermal creep. For design and safety...

... resistance, lower hydrogen pickup, and lower creep strain and growth compared with current products, including ZIRLO ® and Optimized ZIRLO™ cladding. In addition to the comprehensive hot-cell examinations of high-burnup AXIOM fuel rods, there are also test programs specifically designed to study the creep...

... properties and shape changes resistance. neutron irradiation E635 alloy fuel rod cladding fuel assemblies oxide film thickness hydrogen microstructure precipitates dislocations electron microscopy growth examination ZIRCONIUM IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY: 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 628 STP...

... microstructure Zr1Nb alloys precipitation growth ZIRCONIUM IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY: 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 759 STP 1543, 2015 / available online at www.astm.org / doi: 10.1520/STP154320120179 S. Doriot,1 B. Verhaeghe,2 J.-L. Be´chade,1 D. Menut,1 D. Gilbon,3 J.-P. Mardon,4 J.-M. Cloue´,4 A. Miquet,5...

... Under neutron irradiation, recrystallized zirconium alloys, used as structural materials for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel assemblies, undergo stress-free growth which accelerates for high irradiation doses. This acceleration is correlated to the formation of c-component vacancy...

... to substantial changes in properties as a result of evolution of precipitates and matrix composition. The development of a new generation of alloys of Zr-Nb-Fe (Sn,O) system (that show higher resistance to the irradiation-induced growth, creep, and corrosion) required an examination of their micro-structure...

... zirconium alloys ZIRLO Zircaloy-4 tin niobium iron corrosion water steam lithium hydroxide in-reactor corrosion microstructure precipitates fuel cladding heat treatment creep growth PWRs RPS2-EB/Nov 2010 Copyright © 2010 by ASTM International 359 www.astm.org 360 ZIRCONIUM PRODUCTION...

... to substantial changes in properties as a result of evolution of precipitates and matrix composition. The development of a new generation of alloys of Zr-Nb-Fe (Sn,O) system (that show higher resistance to the irradiation-induced growth, creep, and corrosion) required an examination of their microstructure...

... precipitates fuel cladding heat treatment creep growth PWRs Journal of ASTM International, February 2005, Vol. 2, No. 2 Paper ID JAI12942 Available online at www.astm.org George P. Sabol1 ZIRLO An Alloy Development Success ABSTRACT: Significant data and milestones in the development of the ZIRLO2...

... On account of the search for the optimal composition and structure-phase state of Zr alloys much attention is paid to upgrade the E110 (Zr-1 %Nb) and E635 (Zr-1 %Nb-0.35 %Fe-1.2 %Sn) alloys that have proved well in terms of irradiation-induced creep and growth, high strength characteristics...

... The diametral expansion of pressure tubes in CANDU™ reactors due to irradiation creep and growth is an important property that may limit the useful life of the tubes. Measurements accumulated over many years have shown that there is considerable variability in diametral strain rates between...

.... Lastly, for some variables (process, S content, …) the effect of irradiation was more specifically analyzed. These investigations pointed to a new and very important factor, the effect of sulfur concentration on the in-pile operating properties, especially creep and growth. This set of results...

... follower that resided in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) for 17 one-year cycles at an irradiation temperature of 563 K (290°C). The irradiation growth of the plate was 2.2%. The hydrogen content of the plate is in the range of 85 to 110 ppm. The second-phase particle (SPP) size is 0.29 μm...

... 177 and PRL 188 ) from the RPD in static incubation, and to examine the effect of exposing tilapia fry to o,p ' -DDD on growth and development. We found that p,p ' -DDT stimulated the release of both PRL 177 and PRL 188 , and that o,p '-DDD inhibited the release of PRL 188 at the concentrations...

..., analytical methods to assay for the effects of xenobiotic chemicals on a broad range of endocrine-mediated events, including reproduction, growth, development and stress responses in aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate animals. endocrine-disrupting chemicals hormones reproduction growth fish...

... This paper explores the initiation of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) on the exterior of gas transmission piping. Initiation is taken here to include processes leading to the formation of a crack-like feature as well as early growth. Initiation is characterized in terms of the microstructural...

... fracture, inspection intervals, and retirement for cause. Generalization to structures made of any or combinations of materials are outlined, and lessons learned in undertaking the development of computational simulation approaches, in general, are summarized. damage initiation growth accumulation...

... creep and growth and nodular corrosion. The creep rate of the alloy is slightly dependent on irradiation temperature, stress, neutron fluence, and neutron density. The alloy is subject to substantial irradiation hardening while retaining its high-percent elongation. Corrosion, creep, and growth...

... A protocol for conducting a 28 day sediment bioassay with the marine polychaete, Nereis ( Neanthes ) arenaceodentata is described. Primary application is the regulatory evaluation of dredged material. Test endpoints are survival and estimated individual growth rate. Bioassays are initiated...

... bioassays. It is one of the most promising field bioassay systems because of the relative ease in making synoptic measurements of bioaccumulation and growth to estimate chemical exposure and bioeffects, respectively. In-situ field studies that utilize transplanted animals combine the advantages...