... This chapter describes petroleum and petroleum products and the use of surfactants either in petroleum recovery processes (e.g., drilling) or in production and refining to produce fuels and other products. Many of these processes employ water-based systems that use surfactants to produce fluids...

... In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in environmentally acceptable (EA) and environmentally compliant or environmentally considerate fuels and lubricants. The biobased stocks are currently considered EA products due to their environmental properties, such as a high...

... participants. The protocols of this program and examples of comparative analysis are illustrated. proficiency testing petroleum products lubricants elemental analysis fuels 15 Proficiency Testing Programs for Elemental Analysis of Fuels and Lubricants PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAMS (PTPS) ARE WIDELY...

... available on-line XRT analyzer. sulfur fuels crude oil refinery pipeline Scott Fess 1 Journal of ASTM International, September 2005, Vol. 2, No. 8 Paper ID JAI12974 Available online at www.astm.org Determination of Sulfur Content in Crude Oil Using On-Line X-ray Transmission Technology ABSTRACT...

... Current and upcoming regulations worldwide require maximum concentrations of sulfur in fuels to be in the range 10–50 mg/kg. This paper describes a new on-line analyzer for ultra low sulfur, the first to employ “Pyro-electrochemical” technology, which is significantly simpler than other...

... The selective detection of organo-compounds containing hetero-atoms is used extensively in the petroleum industry for process control (sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) and additives in fuels (sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, etc.). The most common selective atom detection is performed with atomic...

... This research has been aimed at the identification of unknown aviation fuel samples through gas chromatography and pattern recognition. Both neat fuels and their water-soluble fractions have been studied. The fuels studied include JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, JPTS, Jet-A, and aviation gasoline. High...

... are used oils and other fuels slated for incineration, incinerator ash, and particulates from these processes. This study reports on the evaluation of a commercially available microwave oven sample preparation system for this application. The effect of sample preparation conditions, including the acid...

... Expanding mandrel (Simulated Fuel Expansion or Simfex) pellet-cladding interaction (PCI) simulation tests were performed on unirradiated Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-4, zirconium-lined Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-3A alloy-lined Zircaloy-2, and graphite-lined Zircaloy-4 tubing with high-purity argon and iodine...

... A small-scale model sewer was constructed to determine the behavior of dispersed and nondispersed fuel flushed or spilled into sewers. The system included a headbox containing a concrete pad with a drain in the middle. The drain fed into a sewer pipe. Six vapor sensors were positioned in ports...

... A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry hydrocarbon-type analysis (GC/MS/HTA) method has been developed for the analysis of jet fuels. The method employs a short-column (3 m by 0.25 mm inside diameter by 1.0 μm thick film) DB-5 capillary for sample introduction into the mass spectrometer...

... are presented. alkylation aviation gasoline blending octane number materials specifications automotive fuels fuels aviation fuels general aviation Robert J. Creek ~ Manufacturing AviationGasoline REFERENCE: Creek, R. J., "Manufacturing Aviation Gasoline," Future Fuels for General Aviation...

... This paper briefly reviews the history behind the incentives for the use of automobile gasoline in small aircraft powered by engines rated for 80-octane fuel. Data that forms the basis for this paper is from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records in Oklahoma City covering fuel...

... reports, malfunction and defect reports, and accident and incident reports. Automotive fuel consumption is compared with aviation gasoline in the aircraft operating environment. Proven and perceived factors that may have contributed to the positive and negative results obtained, include the influence...

... Over the decades, the aircraft piston engine and aviation fuel have developed into a mature functional unit much like the automotive engine and gasoline whose demands have been harmonized in the course of time. For that reason one might be inclined to say that automotive gasoline (mogas...

... This report describes the results of a study that measured the effects of pressure altitude on fuel weathering. In this study, samples of unleaded automobile gasoline were exposed to varying pressure altitudes, and the effects of this exposure on aircraft performance and volatility were measured...

... During the past six years at Alabama Aviation and Technical College, the only all-aviation two-year college in Alabama, six alternative fuel 50-h probe tests using a variety of piston aircraft engines were run on gasohol, liquid propane gas, synthetic oil, alcohol (199.9 proof ethanol), methane...

... The Federal Aviation Administration has studied the behavior of gasolines containing alcohols using an aircraft fuel system and engine that were installed on a dynamometer. The results of this study identified the worst case for vapor lock testing as: takeoff fuel flow, a fuel temperature...

... gasoline, so the fuel supply systems on affected aircraft must be capable of handling the additional volumes of vapor generated at high altitudes or elevated ambient temperatures or both. While the Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of summer-grade automotive gasoline may be reduced in the near future because...

... setbacks in recent years due in part to increased costs and decreasing availability of aviation gasolines. Simply stated, the vulnerability of these fuel supplies is now well substantiated and a concerted effort involving fuel producers, general aviation manufacturers, professional societies...