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Keywords: electron microscopes
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eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1990
ISBN-10: 0-8031-1276-9
ISBN: 978-0-8031-1276-6
... pickup in NACE solution have been determined, and stress corrosion fracture surfaces have been examined in the scanning electron microscope. The principal factor affecting susceptibility to SCC was hardness, after which the presence of martensite was the only factor that clearly increased risk...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1979
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0517-7
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0517-1
... of Alloy 800H that has been verified by tests in air, steam, and impure helium. steels microstructure austenitic stainless steels precipitation hardening steels electron microscopes metallographic structures dislocations chromium carbides titanium carbides tensile properties creep...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1978
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0359-X
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0359-7
... Use of electron microscope fractography in the study of fatigue crack propagation under spectrum loadings is based on the evaluation of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy specimens from an experimental program. Microscopically established crack propagation data by striation spacing measurements are shown...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1975
ISBN-10: 0-8031-5526-3
ISBN: 978-0-8031-5526-8
... The discovery of high concentrations of asbestos fibers in the western arm of Lake Superior prompted the monitoring of the whole lake for fiber concentrations in order to determine the extent of transboundary movement. A description of the electron microscope technique used for fiber analysis...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1974
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0560-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0560-7
... The particle size and general morphology of carbon black are important parameters in end use applications such as elastomers. Information on carbon black primary unit size, anisometry, and surface area can now be obtained rapidly by direct electron microscope image analysis. The test equipment...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1972
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0134-1
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0134-0
... and propagation. composite materials boron aluminum alloys stainless steels wire filaments laminates heat treatment work hardening mechanical properties tensile strength shear strength cracking (fracturing) failure damage tension tests electron microscopes scanning radiography...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1971
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0070-1
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0070-1
... and peak overlap. spectroscopy solid state devices semiconductors (materials) X-ray spectra electron probes background noise quantitative analysis X-ray analysis scanning electron microscopes wavelengths spectrometers resolution data storage data processing Eric Lifshin 1 Solid-State...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1971
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0070-1
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0070-1
... The scanning electron microscope is similar in many respects to the electron probe analyzer, but the scanning electron microscopist has a different goal and examines different specimens. The very low beam current of the scanning electron microscope requires the higher efficiency of the energy...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1971
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0746-3
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0746-5
... The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used in determining the causes of fracture which occurred in an adhesively bonded aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel. The panel fractured during structural tests conducted while it was submerged in water. Similar panels structurally tested in air did...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1970
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6193-X
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6193-1
... Reactivity of lime (CaO, CaO-MgO) is a function of surface area and pore space which is related to temperature or time of calcination or both. The development and distribution of pore space in calcined stone is poorly understood. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) now allows observation...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1970
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6193-X
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6193-1
..., as in the injection into the furnace of a coal-burning power plant, takes place best at temperatures of 1050 C or higher. calcite limestone calcium carbonates calcium oxides calcium sulfates electric power plants flue gases sulfur dioxide air pollution injection X-ray diffraction electron microscopes...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1970
ISBN-10: 0-8031-0014-0
ISBN: 978-0-8031-0014-5
... Voids have been produced by 1.2-MeV proton irradiation at 500 C in Type 316 stainless steel containing 2 appm helium. The proton fluence was 6×10 18 p/cm 2 . Observations of electron microscope foils obtained at various positions along the proton path length have shown that the volume swelling...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1970
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6655-9
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6655-4
... techniques that can be useful for evaluating the appearance of ferritic and austenitic steel surfaces if they are applied carefully. appearance stainless steel gloss color haze orientation electron microscopes characteristics evaluation tests A, E. Glubisfr STP478-EB/Oct. 1970 Measurement...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1968
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6181-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6181-8
.... If this trend continues, there will be an even greater requirement for “professional metallographers.” autoradiography electron microprobes photomicrography electron microscopes etching field ion microscopes ion microprobes laser probes lineal analysis metallography microanalysis microscopes...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1968
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6181-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6181-8
..., it is expected that for the detection of the defect structure of solids the X-ray and electron microscopy methods will be closely correlated in the near future. Such intimate correlation study is expected to gain in impetus in view of the recent development of high-power electron microscopes, namely, 500...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1968
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6181-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6181-8
... Application of the electron microscope hot stage can provide unequivocal evidence for the nature of thermal processes. The difficulties inherent in the technique, however, have minimized its use up to the present. In particular these difficulties are: (1) the intervention of surface diffusion...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1968
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6181-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6181-8
... between Al-Al 3 Ni. The A 3 Ni rods were found to be bounded by prismatic facets which were coincident with low index planes of aluminum lying in the ⟨110⟩ zone axis. metallography electron microscopes aluminum-nickel alloys eutectics crystallography microstructure microtomy dislocations W...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1968
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6181-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6181-8
... orientation. The thin film microscopy did not show any contrast effect due to coherency strains and confirmed many orientations of gamma-prime precipitates. KEY WORDS-" metallography, electron microscopes, iron-nickel alloys, cobalt, precipitation hardening alloys, microstructure, gamma-prime precipitates...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1968
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6181-6
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6181-8
... microstructural changes by the formation of microvoids and spherulites. Electron microscopic studies reveal that these spherulites consist of regular arrays of thin (200 to 300 A thick) blade-like lamellae containing 20 A wide segments. These presumably are helices of fluorocarbon molecular chains formed...
eBook Chapter
Series: ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 1966
ISBN-10: 0-8031-6623-0
ISBN: 978-0-8031-6623-3
... A comparison was made of several compounds used as viewing screens for electron microscopes. This study shows that zinc silicate gives better resolution, contrast, and only slightly less brightness than zinc sulfide, the compound most commonly used. electron microscopes phosphors...