... Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a widespread problem that affects thermally insulated carbon steel and stainless steel process equipment and piping in many industries, leading to loss of containment and high maintenance and replacement costs. This chapter organizes the extensive body...

...). The investigated parametric domain represents thousands of experiments for carbon steel and stainless steel. Ignition occurs at a characteristic critical temperature, corresponding to thermally induced loss of integrity of the primarily formed passivating oxide; although, in the case of stainless steel...

..., substantially larger for carbon steel. Also at highest pressure (30–40 barg), local flow patterns at the breach-like turbulence, recycling, and swirling of strongly heated oxygen tend to enhance metal combustion. It is further observed that increasing the burning metal wall thickness (e.g., from 5.5 mm to 12.5...

.... A plain carbon steel and a low alloy (Cu-Cr) steel were also studied for comparison purpose. The effect of Cu and Cr additions was beneficial in a highly acidic condition. While similar corrosion rates observed for plain carbon steel and low alloy steel in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 of pH 3, a slightly higher...

... The effect of tensile mean stress on the fatigue limit of carbon steel was investigated. Annealed 0.1 % and 0.5 % carbon steel specimens were subjected to monotonic tension to produce prestrain. Fatigue tests were performed using a servohydraulic fatigue test machine. The experimental results...

... anodes and cathodes. Interactions between corrosion sites can trigger or inhibit corrosion phenomena and affect corrosion damage evolution. coupled multi-electrode array carbon steel copper stainless steel corrosion in concrete crevice corrosion intergranular corrosion pitting corrosion...

... Promoted-ignition testing on carbon steel rods of varying cross-sectional area and shape was performed in high pressure oxygen to assess the effect of sample geometry on the regression rate of the melting interface. Cylindrical and rectangular geometries and three different cross sections were...

..., thus considering a broad spectrum of climatological and pollution conditions. This work compares, for the four reference materials (carbon steel, zinc, copper and aluminium), the corrosion data obtained in the ISOCORRAG and MICAT programmes, as a function of the environmental variables of the different...

... environments. A review of the literature and recent results from our laboratories involving the use of electrochemical techniques for corrosion assessment, surface analyses and different types of microscopy also are briefly described. sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB carbon steel cathodic protection...

... Fretting fatigue tests of carbon steel coated with titanium nitride (TiN) by the PVD method were carried out to determine the effects of ceramic coating on fretting fatigue behavior. The fretting fatigue strength of the present carbon steel was significantly increased by TiN coating onto...

... Irradiation embrittlement in a low dose region was studied for an aluminum-killed carbon steel from the point of dose rate effects. The dose rate as low as ∼5x10 8 n/cm 2 /s (E> 1MeV) caused a Charpy transition temperature shift of more than 30°C after irradiation to ∼10 17 n/cm 2 (E...

... generation markets. This demand in turn relies on practical national standards that serve the needs of the engine builder, material supplier and the end user crankshaft continuous grain flow forgings carbon steel alloy steel induction hardening nitriding locomotives diesel engines generators...

... In high temperature waters that contain dissolved oxygen (DO) to certain content, the fatigue life of carbon steel is strongly affected by strain rate. A formula has been advanced to quantify this effect when the strain rate is held constant. However, the strain rate changes continuously in most...

... In order to modify the fatigue design method for pressure vessel components of light water rcactors(LWRs), strain controlled fatigue tests were carried out under various environmental conditions, and the effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) contents on fatigue lives of carbon steel...

... are discussed. fatigue crack initiation strain vs. life (S-N) curve LWR environment carbon steel low-alloy steel strain rate dissolved oxygen sulfur content Omesh K. Chopra 1 and William J. Shack 1 EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF LWR COOLANT ENVIRONMENTS ON FATIGUE LIFE OF CARBON AND LOW-ALLOY STEELS...

... Axially strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests of a carbon steel in oxygenated high temperature water were carried out under changing temperature conditions. Two patterns of triangular wave were selected for temperature cycling. One was in-phase pattern synchronizing with strain cycling...

... to differentiate among the various forms of corrosion. Electrochemical noise measurements were made in the laboratory with plain carbon steel electrodes under simulated conditions for storage and processing of nuclear waste. Coupons were also exposed in the laboratory test vessels. The primary aggressive species...

... The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of carbon steel extends over a narrow range of potentials in environments that contain a mixture of wet carbon monoxide-carbon dioxide (CO-CO 2 ) gas. Normal fluctuations in plant operation may cause movement in and out of this range...

... oxidants. The data appear to support this prediction. Despite the strong oxidizing nature of fluorine, nitrogen dilution levels at various pressures were identified at which test specimens did not propagate combustion in the configuration studied. Carbon steel rods 0.25-in (0.64-cm) diameter burned...

... States. A unique feature of this program was that test panels were exposed in four different orientations (30°S, 30°N, 90°S, 90°N) at each site. The results confirmed the superior resistance of the weathering steels as compared to that of copper-bearing steel and carbon steel under virtually all the test...