... fine-tuning easier to achieve and adapt to customer demands. These results were obtained thanks to the efficient cooperation between metallurgists and manufacturing teams in considering the time to market for new developments. bearing steels M50NiL manufacturing forging carburizing heat...

... is implemented. tribology testing bearing steels gear steels lubrication bearing analysis codes technology readiness level tribology design traction coefficient run-in polishing scuffing micropitting elastohydrodynamic lubrication boundary lubrication 434 BEARING AND TRANSMISSION STEELS...

... be described with the proposed dislocation-assisted carbon migration theory. The shortcomings of this approach are outlined, and the need for new theory and experimental data is discussed. bearing steels microstructural alteration rolling contact fatigue 50 BEARING STEEL TECHNOLOGIES: 12TH VOLUME...

... The connection between the cleanliness of bearing steels and their reliability has been well documented and there is a wide acknowledgment in industry that the early steps in steel processing (including secondary metallurgy, casting, homogenisation heat treatments, and rolling) have a profound...

... of a spall. rolling element bearings rolling contact fatigue spall propagation contact mechanics bearing steels gas/jet turbines impact wear elastic-plastic finite element analysis residual stresses X-ray diffraction Reprinted from JAI, Vol. 7, No. 2 doi:10.1520/JAI102529 Available online...

... Large and brittle oxide inclusions may initiate fatigue failure in bearing steels. The size of the maximum inclusion in a large volume must be predicted by statistical analysis because only small samples can directly be analysed and there are limitations on non-destructive testing methods. A new...

... to reproduce surface morphology and damage mechanisms observed under practical operating conditions. rolling contact fatigue life contaminated lubrication surface initiated failure bearing steels stress analysis Daniel Girodin, 1Fabrice Ville,2 Roger Guers, 1and Gilles DudragneI Rolling Contact...

... by type (oxide vs. sulfide usually) and the volume fraction, number per unit area, average length, average area, and spacing are determined. E 1245 is easy to do by image analysis and is fast. In this paper, heats of 52100 bearing steel, made by different technologies, were rated using the current E 45/E...

... Historically, bearing steels have been manufactured using “clean steel technology” to produce a product that has reduced levels of non-metallic inclusions. Included in this review are the key steel production practices that have evolved over time to make steels with superior cleanliness...

... on the important lessons we have learned that can be applied wherever rolling contact bearings are used. turbine engine bearings dimensional stability vacuum melting steel quality bearing steels high speed bearing steels fracture toughness Philip K. Pearsonl Paper ID #: 1000 THE HISTORY AND FUTURE...

... aircraft turbine engine bearing steels carburizing stainless steel Pyrowear 675 Skylube II lubricant ball bearing rig test Darrell H. Grant) Herbert A. Chin,~ Chris Klenke,2 Anthony T. Galbato,3 Mark A. Ragen,3 and Ronald F. Spitzer3 HIGH TEMPERATURE AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE BEARING AND LUBRICATION...

... depth. By increasing case depth, the life of a carburized bearing increased significantly under clean oil lubrication as well as under contaminated lubrication and high loading conditions. rolling contact fatigue bearing steels carburizing steels through-hardening steels peeling damage...

... ASCOMETAL recently improved its steelmaking processes with the installation of new secondary metallurgy equipment (Ladle Furnace and RH degasser) and by the application of continuous casting to the production of bearing steels (AISI/SAE 52100). Such material, after rolling, is used by VALTI...

.... The quality of continuous-cast bearing steel from four European suppliers is described and rules are drawn up defining the optimum method of steel manufacture and mechanical working. bearings fatigue life SAE 52100 steel SAE 4720 steel inclusions SAM counts continuous casting bearing steels J...

... contact fatigue. Carburizing low-carbon, high-alloy bearing steel produces fine carbides comparable to low-alloy steels. carbides bearing steels M-50 steel rolling contact surface failures M-50NiL peeling Philip K. Pearson' and Thorn W. Dickinson' The Role of Carbides in Performance of High...

... The influence of material factors, such as types of steels, steelmaking process, cleanliness, fiber orientation, forging ratio, subzero treatment upon rolling contact fatigue life, was investigated for rolling bearing steels produced recently. Rolling contact fatigue life of recent steels which...

... for the Determination of Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel and Cobalt Alloys, Draft No. 12, 29 April 1986. Statistical analysis of data is presented. The results show that reliable and reproducible oxygen analyses can be obtained from bearing steels by using proper procedures and commercially available analysis...

... An automatic optical image analyzer, the Quantimet 800 Steelscan, has been applied for microinclusion assessment in bearing steels according to the Stahl Eisen Prufblatt (SEP) 1570/71 method. A brief description of the system is given, including the use of electronic image amendment...

... Three manufacturing procedures have been developed to produce bearing steels of varied cost and quality requirements: argon ladle refining, providing the lowest cost route for general bearing applications in C-Mn steels; argon ladle refining under full vacuum, for more specialized bearing...

... Rolling contact fatigue life of continuous-cast ball-bearing steel was 1.5 to 2 times as long as that of conventional ingot-cast one. Continuous-cast ball-bearing steel, when made by a double ladle furnace process with lower contents of oxygen, lower residuals (sulfur, phosphorus, and titanium...