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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Symposium on Coal Sampling
By
W. W. Anderson
W. W. Anderson
1
Technical Director
,
Commercial Testing and Engineering Co.
,
Chicago, Ill.
;
Chairman of Committee D-5 on Coal and Coke
.
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN-10:
0-8031-6532-3
ISBN:
978-0-8031-6532-8
No. of Pages:
159
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1955

This paper is a review of the two main lines of investigation which preceded the over-all attack of the problem of coal sampling by L. A. Bushell in 1937. The paper shows that the “simple” experiment fails to disclose the true nature of the problem. Use of the techniques introduced by R. A. Fisher et al. permits the evaluation of the sampling constants of a coal, and thus the formulation of a satisfactory sampling procedure. Certain simplifications of these techniques will permit the accumulation of variance data without undue expense. The methods of Visman, Tanner and Lerner, and those currently in use in Britain are compared with the direct analysis of variance.

1.
Landry
B. A.
, “
The Missing Data on Coal Sampling
,”
Transactions
,
Am. Soc. Mechanical Engrs.
, February, 1945.
2.
Hassialis
M. D.
, “
Sampling and Testing
,” Section 19 of Taggart's “Handbook of Mineral Dressing,”
John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
, New York, N. Y. (
1945
).
3.
Bailey
E. G.
, “
Accuracy in Sampling Coal
,”
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
 0019-7866, Vol.
1
, p. 161 (
1909
).
4.
Baute
Bernhard
and
Benedetti-Pichler
A.
, “
The Sampling of Granular Material
,”
Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chemie
 0016-1152, Vol.
74
, pp. 442–156 (
1928
).
5.
Kassel
L. S.
and
Guy
T. W.
, “
Determining the Correct Weight of Sample in Coal Sampling
,”
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
 0019-7866, Analytical Edition, Vol.
7
, pp. 112–115 (
1935
).
6.
Manning
A. B.
, “
The Application of the Theory of Sampling to Coal Sampling
,”
Journal, Inst. Fuel
 0020-2886, Vol.
9
, pp. 132–136 (
1935
).
Manning
A. B.
, “
Theory of Coal Sampling
,”
Fuel
 0016-2361, Vol.
XXVIII
, No.
3
, pp. 49–56 (
1949
).
7.
Dawe
A.
and
Potter
N. M.
, “
The Sampling of Coal in the Laboratory with the ‘Cascade’ Sampler
,”
Fuel
 0016-2361, Vol.
XV
, No.
5
, p. 128 (
1936
).
8.
Bertholf
W. M.
, “
The Design of Coal Sampling Procedures
,” Symposium on Bulk Sampling,
Am. Soc. Testing Mats.
, p. 46 (
1951
). (Issued as separate publication
ASTM STP No. 114
.)
9.
Visman
J.
, “
De Monsterneming van Heterogenie Binomials Korrelmengsels, in het Bijzonder Steenkool
,”
De Waal
, Groningen (
1947
).
10.
Visman
J.
, “
A New Development in Coal Sampling
,”
Revue de l'industrie minérale
, December, 1950.
11.
Grumell
E. S.
and
Dunningham
A. C.
, “
A Report on the Sampling of Small Fuel up to 3 in., Embodying Some General Principles of Sampling
,” No. 403,
British Engineering Standards Assn.
(
1930
).
12.
Shewhart
W. A.
, “
Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product
,”
D. Van Nostrand Co.
, New York, N. Y. (
1931
).
13.
Grumell
E. S.
, “
A Decade of Sampling
,”
Transactions, Am. Inst. Mining and Metallurgical Engrs.
 0096-4778, Vol.
139
, pp. 11–52 (
1940
).
14.
Liddell
F. D. K.
, “
Coal Sampling
,”
Fuel
 0016-2361, Vol.
XXX
, No.
12
, pp. 275–283 (
1951
).
15.
Hohnes
M. C.
, “
Sampling Analysis and Sample Size
,”
Journal, Franklin Inst.
 0016-0032, Vol.
219
, pp. 483–486 (
1935
).
16.
Bushell
L. A.
, “
The Sampling of Coal
,”
Journal, Chemical, Metallurgical, and Mining Soc. of South Africa
, Vol.
37
, pp. 361–434 (
1937
).
17.
Tromp
F. J.
and
Duminy
J. P.
, “
Contribution to the Problem of the Average Error in Coal Sampling
,”
Journal, Chemical, Metallurgical, and Mining Soc. of South Africa
, Vol.
37
, pp. 494–499 (
1937
).
18.
Landry
B. A.
, “
Fundamentals of Coal Sampling
,”
Bulletin 454
,
U. S. Bur. Mines
(
1944
).
19.
Landry
B. A.
and
Anderson
W. W.
, “
Coal Sampling by Large Increment Weights
,”
Transactions, Am. Soc. Mechanical Engrs.
, Vol.
73
, pp. 989–996 (
1951
).
20.
Bertholf
W. M.
, “
Notes on Coal Sampling
,” presented at Annual Meeting,
Am. Inst., Mining and Metallurgical Engrs.
, February, 1947 (unpublished).
21.
Bertholf
W. M.
, “
The Analysis of Variance in a Sampling Experiment
,” Symposium on Bulk Sampling,
Am. Soc. Testing Mats.
, p. 36 (
1951
). (Issued as separate publication
ASTM STP No. 114
.)
22.
Bertholf
W. M.
, “
The Trend Theory in Coal Sampling
,” ISO Document (USA-1) 174.
23.
Fisher
R. A.
, “
Statistical Methods for Research Workers
,”
Oliver and Boyd
, 8th Ed., p. 204.
24.
Emery
E. T. G.
, “
The Sampling of Small Coal
,”
Engineering
 0013-7782 (London),
12
10
1951
.
25.
Badger
E. H. M.
, “
Sampling and Quality Control
,”
The Gas Council, Research Comm. GC5
, London (
1952
).
26.
Jowett
G. H.
, “
The Accuracy of Systematic Sampling from Conveyor Belts
,”
Applied Statistics
 0285-0370, Vol.
I
, p. 50 (
1952
).
27.
Hebden
J.
and
Jowett
G. H.
, “
The Accuracy of Sampling Coal
,”
Applied Statistics
 0285-0370, Vol.
I
, p. 179 (
1952
).
28.
Rietz
H. L.
, Editor, “
Handbook of Mathematical Statistics
,”
Houghton-Mifflin Co.
, New York, N. Y. (
1924
).
29.
Morrow
J. B.
and
Proctor
C. P.
, “
Variables in Coal Sampling
,” TP No. 645,
Class F, Coal Div. No. 67, Am. Inst. Mining and Metallurgical Engrs.
(
1935
).
30.
Guy
T. W.
, “
A Control Chart for Interpretation of Coal Sampling Data
,”
Fuel
 0016-2361, Vol.
XV
, No.
4
, p. 100 (
1936
).
31.
Gould
G. B.
, “
Interpretation of Laboratory Coal Tests
,”
Proceedings, Am. Soc. Testing Mats.
, Vol.
37
, Part II, p. 342 (
1937
).
32.
Gould
G. B.
, “
Statistical Interpretation of Laboratory Coal Tests and Sampling Methods
,” TP No. 849,
Am. Inst. Mining and Metallurgical Engrs.
;
also
Fuel
 0016-2361, Vol.
XVII
, No.
3
, pp. 69–80 (
1938
).
33.
Brown
R. L.
,
Information Circular No. 39
,
British Coal Utilization Research Assn.
(
1950
).
34.
Tanner
L.
and
Lerner
M.
, “
Economic Accumulation of Variance Data in Bulk Sampling
,” Symposium on Bulk Sampling,
Am. Soc. Testing Mats.
, p. 8 (
1951
). (Issued as separate publication
ASTM STP No. 114
.)
35.
Badger
E. H. M.
, “
Experiments on the Sampling of Coal: An Account of Recent Work Carried Out for the British Standards Institution
,”
Journal, Inst. Fuel
 0020-2886, July, 1953.
36.
Fisher
R. A.
, “
The Arrangement of Field Experiments
,”
Journal, Ministry of Agriculture
, Vol.
XXXIII
, pp. 503–513 (
1926
);
reprinted in “
Contributions to Mathematical Statistics
,” by
Fisher
R. A.
,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
, New York, N. Y. (
1950
).
37.
Bertholf
W. M.
and
Webb
W. L.
, “
Tests of the Geary-Jennings Sampler at Cabin Creek
,” p. 83, this publication.
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