Skip Nav Destination
ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Progress in Additive Manufacturing 2020Available to Purchase
By
Nima Shamsaei,
Nima Shamsaei
Symposium Chair and STP Editor
1
Auburn University
, Auburn, AL,
US
Search for other works by this author on:
Mohsen Seifi
Mohsen Seifi
Symposium Chair and STP Editor
2
ASTM International
, Washington, DC,
US
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN:
978-0-8031-7721-5
No. of Pages:
432
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
2022
eBook Chapter
Fabrication of Complex Geometries of High-Purity Copper with Superior Thermal Performance Available to Purchase
By
Sarah Synnestvedt
,
Sarah Synnestvedt
1
Holo Inc.
, 39684 Eureka Dr., Newark, CA, 94560,
US
Search for other works by this author on:
Katherine Harry
,
Katherine Harry
1
Holo Inc.
, 39684 Eureka Dr., Newark, CA, 94560,
US
Search for other works by this author on:
Karthik Bodla
,
Karthik Bodla
1
Holo Inc.
, 39684 Eureka Dr., Newark, CA, 94560,
US
Search for other works by this author on:
Etienne Pelletier
,
Etienne Pelletier
2
5N Plus Inc.
, 4385 Garand St., Montreal, Quebec,
CA
H4R 2B4
Search for other works by this author on:
Arslane Bouchemit
,
Arslane Bouchemit
2
5N Plus Inc.
, 4385 Garand St., Montreal, Quebec,
CA
H4R 2B4
Search for other works by this author on:
Amir Nobari
Amir Nobari
2
5N Plus Inc.
, 4385 Garand St., Montreal, Quebec,
CA
H4R 2B4
Search for other works by this author on:
Page Count:
21
-
Published:2022
Citation
Synnestvedt, S, Harry, K, Bodla, K, Pelletier, E, Bouchemit, A, & Nobari, A. "Fabrication of Complex Geometries of High-Purity Copper with Superior Thermal Performance." Progress in Additive Manufacturing 2020. Ed. Shamsaei, N, & Seifi, M. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 : ASTM International, 2022.
Download citation file:
This technical paper outlines a digital light processing (DLP) technique that can produce geometrically complex, highly conductive, pure copper parts. By incorporating a high-purity, high-sphericity copper powder into the DLP feedstock and optimizing the DLP printing and sintering process parameters, parts made with this technique achieve electrical conductivities greater than 92% (International Annealed Copper Standard) and negative and positive feature sizes down to 100 µm. As demonstrated by computational fluid dynamics modeling, the resulting copper cold plates exhibit superior thermal performance with an additional 4°C of cooling compared to traditionally manufactured cold plates.
References
1.
Sharma
R. K.
, Bash
C. E.
, Patel
C. D.
, Friedrich
R. J.
, and Chase
J. S.
, “Balance of Power: Dynamic Thermal Management for Internet Data Centers
,” IEEE Internet Computing
9
, no. 1
(2005
): 42–49, 2.
Naveh
A.
, Rotem
E.
, Mendelson
A.
, Gochman
S.
, Chabukswar
R.
, Krishnan
K.
, and Kumar
A.
, “Power and Thermal Management in the Intel Core Duo Processor
,” Intel Technology Journal
10
, no. 2
(2006
): 109–122, 3.
Wang
Q.
, Jiang
B.
, Li
B.
, and Yan
Y.
, “A Critical Review of Thermal Management Models and Solutions of Lithium-Ion Batteries for the Development of Pure Electric Vehicles
,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
64
(2016
): 106–128, 4.
O’Keefe
M.
and Bennion
K.
, “Comparison of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Electronics Cooling Options
,” in Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference
(Piscataway, NJ
: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
, 2008
), 116–123, 5.
Nellis
G.
and Klein
S.
, Heat Transfer
(Cambridge, UK
: Cambridge University Press
, 2009
).6.
Petrick
I. J.
and Simpson
T. W.
, “3D Printing Disrupts Manufacturing: How Economies of One Create New Rules of Competition
,” Research-Technology Management
56
, no. 6
(2013
): 12–16, 7.
Norfolk
M.
and Johnson
H.
, “Solid-State Additive Manufacturing for Heat Exchangers
,” JOM
67
, no. 3
(2015
): 655–659, 8.
Ford
S.
and Despeisse
M.
, “Additive Manufacturing and Sustainability: An Exploratory Study of the Advantages and Challenges
,” Journal of Cleaner Production
137
(2016
): 1573–1587, 9.
Jafari
D.
and Wits
W. W.
, “The Utilization of Selective Laser Melting Technology on Heat Transfer Devices for Thermal Energy Conversion Applications: A Review
,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
91
(August 2018
): 420–442, 10.
Davis
J. R.
, ed., Copper and Copper Alloys
(Materials Park, OH
: ASM International
, 2001
).11.
Wagenblast
P.
, Myrell
A.
, Thielmann
M.
, Scherbaum
T.
, and Coupek
D.
, White Paper: TruPrint 1000 Green Edition
(Ditzingen, Germany
: Trumpf
, 2020
).12.
“
2020 Metal 3D Printing Manufacturing Design Guidelines
,” ExOne
, 2020
, https://web.archive.org/web/20210513212553/https://www.exone.com/Admin/ExOne/media/Documents/Mfg-Guidelines-Download-Updated-04142020-NEW.pdf13.
Bai
Y.
and Williams
C. B.
, “An Exploration of Binder Jetting of Copper
,” Rapid Prototyping Journal
21
, no. 2
(2015
): 177–185, 14.
Colopi
M.
, Caprio
L.
, Demir
A. G.
, and Previtali
B.
, “Selective Laser Melting of Pure Cu with a 1 kW Single Mode Fiber Laser
,” Procedia CIRP
74
(2018
): 59–63, 15.
Jadhav
S. D.
, Dadbakhsh
S.
, Goossens
L.
, Kruth
J-P
, Van Humbeeck
J.
, and Vanmeensel
K.
, “Influence of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Texture Evolution in Pure Copper
,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology
270
(2019
): 47–58, 16.
Dai
D.
and Gu
D.
, “Thermal Behavior and Densification Mechanism during Selective Laser Melting of Copper Matrix Composites: Simulation and Experiments
,” Materials and Design
55
(2014
): 482–491, 17.
“
Copper Welding: Trumpf Developing High-Performance, Green-Light Laser
,” Trumpf
, 2017
, http://web.archive.org/web/20210513195824/https://www.trumpf.com/en_US/presse/global-press-releases/press-release-detail-page/release/copper-welding-trumpf-developing-high-performance-green-light-laser/18.
Mu
Q.
, Wang
L.
, Dunn
C.K.
, Kuang
X.
, Duan
F.
, Zhang
Z.
, Qi
H. J.
, and Wang
T.
, “Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Conductive Complex Structures
,” Additive Manufacturing
18
(2017
): 74–83, 19.
“
Holo PureForm Additive Manufacturing
,” Holo, Inc.
, 2020
, http://web.archive.org/web/20201221235322/https://holoam.com/20.
Dimitri
C.
, Mohamed
S.
, Thierry
B.
, and Jean-Claude
G.
, “Influence of Particle-Size Distribution and Temperature on the Rheological Properties of Highly Concentrated Inconel Feedstock Alloy 718
,” Powder Technology
322
(December 2017
): 273–289, 21.
Griffith
M. L.
and Halloran
J. W.
, “Scattering of Ultraviolet Radiation in Turbid Suspensions
,” Journal of Applied Physics
81
, no. 6
(1997
): 2538–2546, 22.
De Jesús
F.
, Bolarín-Miró
A.
, Molera
P.
, Mendoza
J.
, and Ocampo
M.
, “Relationship between Particle Size and Manufacturing Processing and Sintered Characteristics of Iron Powders
,” Revista Latinoamericana de Metalurgica y Materiales
23
, no. 1
(2003
): 35–40.23.
Wieder
H.
and Czanderna
A. W.
, “Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Films
,” Journal of Applied Physics
37
, no. 1
(1966
): 184–187, 24.
Grohowski
J. A.
and Strauss
J. T.
, “Understanding the Effects of Atmosphere Type on Thermal Debinding Behavior
,” Industrial Heating
67
, (2000
): 61–64.25.
Chapman
D.
, High Conductivity Copper for Electrical Engineering
, pub. no. 122 (Hemel Hempstead, UK
: Copper Development Association
, 2016
).26.
“
Copper as Electrical Conductive Material with Above-Standard Performance Properties
,” 2012
, https://web.archive.org/web/20200128175422/http://www.conductivity-app.org/single-article/cu-overview27.
“
The Copper Advantage: A Guide to Working with Copper and Copper Alloys
,” Copper Development Association, Inc.
, 2017
, http://web.archive.org/web/20210211084738if_/https://www.copper.org/publications/pub_list/pdf/a1360.pdf28.
“
Desktop Metal Dimensional Accuracy & Surface Finish
,” Computer Aided Technology
, 2019
, https://web.archive.org/web/20210513211211/https://www.cati.com/blog/2019/05/desktop-metal-dimensional-accuracy-surface-finish29.
“
Studio System Material Data Sheet: Copper
,” Desktop Metal
, 2020
, http://web.archive.org/web/20210127021651/https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/BMD-SPC-MDS_Copper-201203.a.pdf30.
Incropera
F. P.
, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
, 6th ed. (Hoboken, NJ
: Wiley
, 2007
).31.
German
R. M.
and Bose
A.
, Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics
(Princeton, NJ
: Metal Powder Industries Federation
, 1997
).32.
Briggs
J. L.
, Literature Survey of Corrosion Inhibitors for Recirculating Cooling Water Corrosion Inhibition
(Denver, CO
: Dow Chemical Co.
, 1972
).33.
Peng
Z.
and Ogle
K.
, “The Corrosion of Copper and Copper Alloys
,” in Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry
, ed. Wandelt
K.
(Amsterdam
: Elsevier
, 2018
), 478–489, 34.
Hunter
L. W.
, Brackett
D.
, Brierley
N.
, Yang
J.
, and Attallah
M. M.
, “Assessment of Trapped Powder Removal and Inspection Strategies for Powder Bed Fusion Techniques
,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
106
, no. 9
(2020
): 4521–4532, 35.
Omar
M. A.
, Ibrahim
R.
, Sidik
M. I.
, Mustapha
M.
, and Mohamad
M.
, “Rapid Debinding of 316L Stainless Steel Injection Moulded Component
,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology
140
, nos. 1–3
(2003
): 397–400, 36.
Ani
S. M.
, Muchtar
A.
, Muhamad
N.
, and Ghani
J. A.
, “Binder Removal via a Two-Stage Debinding Process for Ceramic Injection Molding Parts
,” Ceramics International
40
, no. 2
(2014
): 2819–2824, 37.
Strondl
A.
, Lyckfeldt
O.
, Brodin
H.
, and Ackelid
U.
, “Characterization and Control of Powder Properties for Additive Manufacturing
,” JOM
67
, no. 3
(2015
): 549–554, 38.
Malvern Instruments Ltd.
, Morphologi G3: User Manual
(Worchestershire, UK
: Malvern Instruments
, 2008
).39.
Zuhailawati
H.
and Jamaludin
S. B.
, “Studies on Mechanical Alloying of Copper-Tungsten Carbide Composite for Spot Welding Electrode
,” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
18
, no. 9
(2009
): 1258, 40.
Spierings
A. B.
, Schneider
M.
, and Eggenberger
R.
, “Comparison of Density Measurement Techniques for Additive Manufactured Metallic Parts
,” Rapid Prototyping Journal
17
, no. 5
(2011
): 380–386, 41.
Standard Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method
, ASTM E1461-13 (West Conshohocken, PA
: ASTM International
, approved September 1, 2013
), 42.
Bird
R. B.
, Stewart
W. E.
, and Lightfoot
E. N.
, Transport Phenomena
, 2nd ed. (New York
: Wiley
, 2002
).43.
Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
, ASTM B117-19, (West Conshohocken, PA
: ASTM International
, approved November 1, 2019
), 44.
Condon
E. U.
and Odishaw
H.
, eds., Handbook of Physics
(New York
: McGraw-Hill
, 1967
).
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this chapter.
Email alerts
Related Chapters
Status of Titanium Net-Shape Technology
Industrial Applications of Titanium and Zirconium: Fourth Volume
Status of Titanium Powder Metallurgy
Industrial Applications of Titanium and Zirconium: Third Conference
Front Matter
Industrial Applications of Titanium and Zirconium: Third Conference
Increase of Readiness Level of a Powder Metallurgy Steel for Aerospace Applications
Bearing and Transmission Steels Technology
Related Articles
Enhancement of Wear Resistance of Copper With Tungsten Addition ( ≤ 20 wt % ) by Powder Metallurgy Route
J. Tribol (October,2009)
Scalable Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Bioinspired Polymeric Material With Metallic Structures Via Electrically Assisted Stereolithography
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng (January,2023)
Hierarchical Porous Structure Fabrication Via Hybrid Stereolithography and Inkjet Printing With Sacrificial Liquid
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng (January,2023)