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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials and PartsAvailable to Purchase
By
Nima Shamsaei,
Nima Shamsaei
Symposium Chair and STP Editor
1
Auburn University
, Auburn, AL,
US
Search for other works by this author on:
Mohsen Seifi
Mohsen Seifi
Symposium Chair and STP Editor
2
ASTM International
, Washington, DC,
US
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN:
978-0-8031-7708-6
No. of Pages:
378
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
2020
Description
The 24 peer-reviewed papers in this book were presented at the Fourth ASTM International Symposium on the Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials and Parts held in 2019.
Held in coordination with partners from government, industry, and academia, this event provided a forum for the exchange of ideas regarding the structural integrity of parts fabricated using additive manufacturing.
A wide variety of topics were covered at the event, including a focus on design principles as well as qualification and certification challenges. The selected technical papers chosen for this volume delve further into
– nondestructive evaluation in situ monitoring and process control of AM parts
– fatigue, fracture, tensile, and corrosion behavior of materials and parts fabricated using AM
– effects of design, process, and post-process parameters on fatigue and fracture properties
– process optimization to improve structural integrity of AM parts
– applicability of existing test methods to AM materials and parts and innovative approaches to standardization
– recent advances in standardization, qualification, and certification
Shamsaei, N, & Seifi, M.
Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials and Parts. ISBN: 978-0-8031-7708-6
No. of Pages: 378
ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8031-7709-3
Publisher: ASTM International
Published: 2020
Download citation file:
Table of Contents
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Demonstration of Closed-Loop Control for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)ByDavid MaassDavid Maass1Flightware, Inc.,829 Podunk Rd., Guilford, CT 06437,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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On the Challenges toward Realization of Functionally Graded Structures by Electron Beam Melting—Fe-Base Shape Memory Alloy and Stainless SteelByChristof Torrent,Christof Torrent1Universität Kassel, Institute of Materials Engineering,Mönchebergstraße 3, 34125 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:André Bauer,André Bauer1Universität Kassel, Institute of Materials Engineering,Mönchebergstraße 3, 34125 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:Malte Vollmer,Malte Vollmer1Universität Kassel, Institute of Materials Engineering,Mönchebergstraße 3, 34125 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:Thomas NiendorfThomas Niendorf1Universität Kassel, Institute of Materials Engineering,Mönchebergstraße 3, 34125 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:
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Residual Stress Formation in Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) of Invar 36ByMostafa Yakout,Mostafa Yakout1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University,1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,CASearch for other works by this author on:Mohamed A. ElbestawiMohamed A. Elbestawi1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University,1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,CASearch for other works by this author on:
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Origin of Oxides and Oxide-Related Pores in Laser Powder Bed Fusion PartsByTomio Ohtsuki,Tomio Ohtsuki1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213,USSearch for other works by this author on:Lonnie Smith,Lonnie Smith1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213,USSearch for other works by this author on:Ming Tang,Ming Tang1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213,USSearch for other works by this author on:P. Chris PistoriusP. Chris Pistorius1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Toward Understanding the Role of Surface Texture for Additively Manufactured Metal PartsByAdam J. Brooks,Adam J. Brooks1EWI,683 Northland Ave., Buffalo, NY 14211,USSearch for other works by this author on:Arushi Dhakad,Arushi Dhakad1EWI,683 Northland Ave., Buffalo, NY 14211,USSearch for other works by this author on:Agustin Diaz,Agustin Diaz2REM Surface Engineering,2107 Longwood Dr., Brenham, TX 77833,USSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel KowalikDaniel Kowalik1EWI,683 Northland Ave., Buffalo, NY 14211,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Optimizing X-Ray Computed Tomography Settings for Dimensional Metrology Using 2D Image AnalysisByYounes Chahid,Younes Chahid1EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Andrew Townsend,Andrew Townsend2Nondestructive Evaluation Group, Nondestructive Characterization Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550,USSearch for other works by this author on:Alexander Liu,Alexander Liu3NTU Innovation Centre,71 Nanyang Dr. #04-01,SG638075Search for other works by this author on:Paul Bills,Paul Bills1EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Philip Sperling,Philip Sperling4Product Management Additive Manufacturing, Volume Graphics GmbH,Speyerer Str. 4-6, 69115 Heidelberg,DESearch for other works by this author on:Radu RacasanRadu Racasan1EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield,GBSearch for other works by this author on:
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Challenges in Inspecting Internal Features for SLM Additive Manufactured Build ArtifactsByAhmed Tawfik,Ahmed Tawfik1EPSRC Future Advanced Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield,Queensgate Huddersfield, HD1 3DH,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Radu Racasan,Radu Racasan1EPSRC Future Advanced Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield,Queensgate Huddersfield, HD1 3DH,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Desi Bacheva,Desi Bacheva2HiETA Technologies Ltd, Bristol & Bath Science Park, Dirac Crescent,Emersons Green, Bristol, BS16 7FR,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Liam Blunt,Liam Blunt1EPSRC Future Advanced Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield,Queensgate Huddersfield, HD1 3DH,GBSearch for other works by this author on:André Beerlink,André Beerlink3YXLON International GmbH,Essener Bogen 15, 22419 Hamburg,DESearch for other works by this author on:Paul BillsPaul Bills1EPSRC Future Advanced Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield,Queensgate Huddersfield, HD1 3DH,GBSearch for other works by this author on:
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A Critical Discussion on the Diffraction-Based Experimental Determination of Residual Stress in AM PartsByTatiana Mishurova,Tatiana Mishurova1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Itziar Serrano-Muñoz,Itziar Serrano-Muñoz1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Tobias Fritsch,Tobias Fritsch1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Alexander Ulbricht,Alexander Ulbricht1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Maximilian Sprengel,Maximilian Sprengel1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Alexander Evans,Alexander Evans1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Arne Kromm,Arne Kromm1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Mauro Madia,Mauro Madia1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DESearch for other works by this author on:Giovanni BrunoGiovanni Bruno1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM),Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,DE2University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics and Astronomy,Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam,DESearch for other works by this author on:
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X-Ray Computed Tomography Inspection in Metal Additive Manufacturing: The Role of Witness SpecimensByAnton du Plessis,Anton du Plessis1Research Group 3D Innovation, Stellenbosch University,Stellenbosch 7602,ZASearch for other works by this author on:Jess M. Waller,Jess M. Waller2NASA-JSC White Sands Test Facility,12600 NASA Rd., Las Cruces, NM, 88012USSearch for other works by this author on:Stephan G. le Roux,Stephan G. le Roux1Research Group 3D Innovation, Stellenbosch University,Stellenbosch 7602,ZASearch for other works by this author on:Ina Yadroitsava,Ina Yadroitsava3Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Central University of Technology,20 President Brand St., Bloemfontein 9301,ZASearch for other works by this author on:Igor Yadroitsev,Igor Yadroitsev3Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Central University of Technology,20 President Brand St., Bloemfontein 9301,ZASearch for other works by this author on:Johan Els,Johan Els3Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Central University of Technology,20 President Brand St., Bloemfontein 9301,ZASearch for other works by this author on:Jacobus PrinslooJacobus Prinsloo4ADC Aeroswift, CSIR Main Campus,Meiring Naude Rd., Brummeria, Pretoria 0081,ZASearch for other works by this author on:
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Perspective on Nondestructive Evaluation of Additive Manufactured ComponentsByEric Lindgren,Eric Lindgren1U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory,2230 10th St., B655, Ste 1, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45324,USSearch for other works by this author on:Bryce JolleyBryce Jolley1U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory,2230 10th St., B655, Ste 1, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45324,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Prediction of Residual Stress Evolution for End-To-End Process Chain of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process and Determination of Fatigue S-N CurvesByShukri Afazov,Shukri Afazov1Manufacturing Technology Centre,Pilot Way, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU,GB2Dept. of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University,Clifton St., Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Jamie Frame,Jamie Frame1Manufacturing Technology Centre,Pilot Way, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Utkarsha Ankalkhope,Utkarsha Ankalkhope1Manufacturing Technology Centre,Pilot Way, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Prveen Bidare,Prveen Bidare1Manufacturing Technology Centre,Pilot Way, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Yijun Liu,Yijun Liu1Manufacturing Technology Centre,Pilot Way, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Wilson Vesga,Wilson Vesga1Manufacturing Technology Centre,Pilot Way, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU,GBSearch for other works by this author on:Ben DuttonBen Dutton1Manufacturing Technology Centre,Pilot Way, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU,GBSearch for other works by this author on:
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Design of Coupons and Test Methodology for Orthotropic Characterization of FFF-Processed Ultem 9085ByTommy Hyatt,Tommy Hyatt1Lockheed Martin MFC,5600 Sand Lake Rd., Orlando, FL 32819,USSearch for other works by this author on:Richard Martin,Richard Martin1Lockheed Martin MFC,5600 Sand Lake Rd., Orlando, FL 32819,USSearch for other works by this author on:Rich FieldsRich Fields1Lockheed Martin MFC,5600 Sand Lake Rd., Orlando, FL 32819,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Intrinsic Threshold Stress Intensity of Additive Manufactured MetalsByR. Sunder,R. Sunder1BISS Division, ITW-India (P) Ltd,497E, 14th Cross, 4th Phase, PIA, Bangalore 560058,INSearch for other works by this author on:Ramesh Koraddi,Ramesh Koraddi1BISS Division, ITW-India (P) Ltd,497E, 14th Cross, 4th Phase, PIA, Bangalore 560058,INSearch for other works by this author on:Andrei GorunovAndrei Gorunov2Kazan Aerospace Institute (KAI-KNRTU),10, Karl Marx St., Kazan,RUSearch for other works by this author on:
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A Multiscale Material Modeling Approach to Predict the Mechanical Properties of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) MetalByYang Li,Yang Li1Research and Innovation Center,Ford Motor Co., 2101 Village Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Hongyi Xu,Hongyi Xu2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut,191 Auditorium Rd., Storrs, CT 06269,USSearch for other works by this author on:Wei-Jen Lai,Wei-Jen Lai1Research and Innovation Center,Ford Motor Co., 2101 Village Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Ziang Li,Ziang Li1Research and Innovation Center,Ford Motor Co., 2101 Village Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Xuming SuXuming Su1Research and Innovation Center,Ford Motor Co., 2101 Village Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Alternate Method for Determining Yield Strength of Polymer Additive ManufacturingByChul Y. Park,Chul Y. Park1Boeing Commercial Airplanes, The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 3707 MC 082-51,Seattle, WA 98124-2207,USSearch for other works by this author on:Keith E. Rupel,Keith E. Rupel2Boeing Research & Technology(Retired)Search for other works by this author on:Chelsey E. Henry,Chelsey E. Henry3Boeing Research & Technology, The Boeing Company,10026 Prosperity Way, West Jordan, UT 84081,USSearch for other works by this author on:Kevin F. Malik,Kevin F. Malik1Boeing Commercial Airplanes, The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 3707 MC 082-51,Seattle, WA 98124-2207,USSearch for other works by this author on:Sayata Ghose,Sayata Ghose1Boeing Commercial Airplanes, The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 3707 MC 082-51,Seattle, WA 98124-2207,USSearch for other works by this author on:Upul R. PalliyaguruUpul R. Palliyaguru4National Institute for Aviation Research, Wichita State University,1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260-0093,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Effects of Surface Roughness and Porosity on Fatigue Behavior of AlSi10Mg Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion ProcessByWei-Jen Lai,Wei-Jen Lai1Ford Motor Co.,1 America Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Ziang Li,Ziang Li1Ford Motor Co.,1 America Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Avinesh Ojha,Avinesh Ojha1Ford Motor Co.,1 America Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Yang Li,Yang Li1Ford Motor Co.,1 America Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Joy Forsmark,Joy Forsmark1Ford Motor Co.,1 America Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Carlos Engler,Carlos Engler1Ford Motor Co.,1 America Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:Xuming SuXuming Su1Ford Motor Co.,1 America Rd., Dearborn, MI 48121,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Characterization of Functionally Graded Materials Based on Inconel 718 and Stainless Steel 316L Manufactured by DED ProcessByJan Džugan,Jan Džugan1COMTES FHT, Inc.Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany,CZSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel Melzer,Daniel Melzer1COMTES FHT, Inc.Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany,CZSearch for other works by this author on:Martina Koukolíková,Martina Koukolíková1COMTES FHT, Inc.Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany,CZSearch for other works by this author on:Jaroslav Vavřík,Jaroslav Vavřík1COMTES FHT, Inc.Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany,CZSearch for other works by this author on:Mohsen SeifiMohsen Seifi2ASTM International,1850 M St. NW, Suite 1030, Washington, DC 20036,US3Case Western Reserve University,10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Fretting Fatigue Characterization in Press-Fit Joints of AM Parts by X-Ray Tomography and Digital Image CorrelationByInigo Bacaicoa,Inigo Bacaicoa1Institute for Materials Engineering, University of Kassel,Moenchebergstrasse 3, 34109 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:Sascha Horn,Sascha Horn1Institute for Materials Engineering, University of Kassel,Moenchebergstrasse 3, 34109 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:Angelika Brueckner-Foit,Angelika Brueckner-Foit1Institute for Materials Engineering, University of Kassel,Moenchebergstrasse 3, 34109 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:Julia Richter,Julia Richter1Institute for Materials Engineering, University of Kassel,Moenchebergstrasse 3, 34109 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:Thomas NiendorfThomas Niendorf1Institute for Materials Engineering, University of Kassel,Moenchebergstrasse 3, 34109 Kassel,DESearch for other works by this author on:
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Effect of Microstructure and Internal Defects on the Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Gyroid Lattice Structures for Biomedical ImplantsByDalia Mahmoud,Dalia Mahmoud1Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University,1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8,CASearch for other works by this author on:Mohamed A. Elbestawi,Mohamed A. Elbestawi1Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University,1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8,CASearch for other works by this author on:Kassim S. Al-RubaieKassim S. Al-Rubaie1Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University,1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8,CASearch for other works by this author on:
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Full-Scale High-Load, Thermal, and Fatigue Testing of Additive Manufactured Powder Bed Fusion Component for Oil Field ApplicationsByMatthew Wayne Sanders,Matthew Wayne Sanders1Stress Engineering Services, Inc.,13800 Westfair East Dr., Houston, TX 77041,USSearch for other works by this author on:Adam Rowe,Adam Rowe1Stress Engineering Services, Inc.,13800 Westfair East Dr., Houston, TX 77041,USSearch for other works by this author on:Suresh DiviSuresh Divi1Stress Engineering Services, Inc.,13800 Westfair East Dr., Houston, TX 77041,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Dynamic Compression Response of Porous Zirconium-Based Bulk Metallic Glass (Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5) Honeycomb: A Numerical StudyByNand Kishore Singh,Nand Kishore Singh1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rowan University,201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ 08028,USSearch for other works by this author on:Shashi Kant Kumar,Shashi Kant Kumar2School of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University-Innovation Campus,Kudlu Gate, Bengaluru 560 068,INSearch for other works by this author on:Satish K. S. N. Idury,Satish K. S. N. Idury2School of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University-Innovation Campus,Kudlu Gate, Bengaluru 560 068,INSearch for other works by this author on:K. K. Singh,K. K. Singh3Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad,Jharkhand, 826 004, INSearch for other works by this author on:Ratneshwar JhaRatneshwar Jha1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rowan University,201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ 08028,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Preclinical Testing of a Novel, Additive-Manufactured, Three-Dimensional Porous Titanium StructureByErik Woodard,Erik Woodard1Smith+Nephew, Inc.,1450 East Brooks Rd., Memphis, TN 38116,USSearch for other works by this author on:Zach Post,Zach Post1Smith+Nephew, Inc.,1450 East Brooks Rd., Memphis, TN 38116,USSearch for other works by this author on:Mark MorrisonMark Morrison2Smith+Nephew, Inc.,7135 Goodlett Farms Pkwy., Cordova, TN 38016,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SLM-Produced Inconel 718 and Hastelloy-X AlloysByGuney Mert Bilgin,Guney Mert Bilgin1Tusas Engine Industries Inc.,Esentepe Mahallesi, Cevreyolu Blv 356, TR 26210, Eskisehir,TRSearch for other works by this author on:Cansinem Tuzemen,Cansinem Tuzemen1Tusas Engine Industries Inc.,Esentepe Mahallesi, Cevreyolu Blv 356, TR 26210, Eskisehir,TRSearch for other works by this author on:Cemre Tigli,Cemre Tigli1Tusas Engine Industries Inc.,Esentepe Mahallesi, Cevreyolu Blv 356, TR 26210, Eskisehir,TRSearch for other works by this author on:Yesim Nur GulcanYesim Nur Gulcan1Tusas Engine Industries Inc.,Esentepe Mahallesi, Cevreyolu Blv 356, TR 26210, Eskisehir,TRSearch for other works by this author on:
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Analysis of Data Streams for Qualification and Certification of Inconel 738LC Airfoils Processed through Electron Beam MeltingByMichael Kirka,Michael Kirka1Materials Science & Technology Division,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830,US2Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,2370 Cherahala Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37932,USSearch for other works by this author on:Derek Rose,Derek Rose2Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,2370 Cherahala Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37932,US3Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830,USSearch for other works by this author on:William Halsey,William Halsey2Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,2370 Cherahala Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37932,US3Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830,USSearch for other works by this author on:Amirkoushyar Ziabari,Amirkoushyar Ziabari2Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,2370 Cherahala Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37932,US3Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830,USSearch for other works by this author on:Vincent Paquit,Vincent Paquit2Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,2370 Cherahala Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37932,US3Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830,USSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel Ryan,Daniel Ryan4Solar Turbines Incorporated,2200 Pacific Hwy., San Diego, CA 92101,USSearch for other works by this author on:Paul BrackmanPaul Brackman5Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, LLC,2370 Cherahala Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37932,USSearch for other works by this author on:
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