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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Masonry: Opportunities for the 21st Century
By
D Throop,
D Throop
1Diane Throop PE, LLC
Symposium Co-chair and STP Editor
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RE Klingner
RE Klingner
2
Symposium Co-chair and STP Editor
?The University of Texas
at Austin
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-3450-9
ISBN:
978-0-8031-3450-8
No. of Pages:
295
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
2002
eBook Chapter
Air Barriers for Masonry Walls
By
CT Grimm, P.E.
CT Grimm, P.E.
1Clayford T. Grimm, PE,
Consulting Architectural Engineer, 1904 Wooten Drive, Austin, TX 78757-7702
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Page Count:
18
-
Published:2002
Citation
Grimm, C. "Air Barriers for Masonry Walls." Masonry: Opportunities for the 21st Century. Ed. Throop, D, & Klingner, R. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 : ASTM International, 2002.
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This paper discusses prevention of interstitial condensation in masonry walls due to infiltration of warm moist air into air-conditioned buildings in summer and exfiltration of warm moist air in winter. The following aspects of the problem are discussed: air pressure differentials due to wind, stack effect, and mechanical ventilation; air leakage, modes, and test methods; climate effects; air barriers, insulation materials, and their placement in cavity walls, veneer walls, and single wythe walls; methods for sealing cracks and joints; and building code requirements. Thirty-one references are cited.
References
1.
Grimm
, Clayford T.
: “Water Permeance of Masonry Walls: A Review of the Literature
,” Masonry: Materials, Properties, and Performance
, ASTM STP 778, ASTM International
, West Conshohocken, PA
, 1982
, pp. 178–199.2.
Heiman
, J. L.
: “An Evaluation of Methods of Treating Rising Damp
,” Moisture Mitigation in Buildings
, ASTM STP 779, ASTM International
, West Conshohocken, PA
, 1982
, pp. 121–137.3.
Ashurst
, John
and Nicola
Ashurst
: Practical Building Conservation-Brick, Terracotta, and Earth
, Halsted Press
, New York, NY
, 1988
, pp. 2–9.4.
“
Condensation Control in Concrete Masonry Walls
,” NCMA TEK
, No. 6-17A, National Concrete Masonry Association
, Herndon, VA
, 2000
.5.
“
Moisture Resistance in Brick Masonry Walls — Condensation Analysis
,” Technical Notes on Brick Construction
, No. 7D, Brick Institute of America
, Reston, VA
, 05
1988
.6.
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
, Atlanta, GA
, 2001
, pp. 23.15 and 26.13.7.
Diuigi
, James A.
: “Architectural Design
,” Mold and Mildew in Hotel and Motel Guest Rooms in Hot and Humid Climates
, The Hospitality Lodging & Travel Research Foundation
, Washington, DC
, 1991
, pp. 32.8.
Boelens
, Theodore
: “Introduction
,” Mold and Mildew in Hotel and Motel Guestrooms in Hot and Humid Climates
, The Hospitality Lodging & Travel Research Roundation
, Washington, DC
, 1991
, pp. 1–4.9.
Lotz
, William A.
: “Vapor Barriers in Masonry Construction
”, Masonry Construction
, Addison
, IL
, 10
1991
, pp. 403–404.10.
Quirouette
, Richard L.
: “Technics: Air and Vapor Barriers
,” Progressive Architecture
, New York, NY, 09
1991
, pp. 45–51.11.
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
, ASCE 7-98, American Society of Civil Engineers
, Reston, VA
, 1998
.12.
Wilson
, A. G.
and Tamura
G. T.
: “Stack Effect in Buildings
”, Canadian Building Digest
, National Research Council of Canada
, Ottawa, Ontario
, CBD-104, 1968
.13.
Hildebrand
, G.
: Development of Test Procedures and Methods to Evaluate Air Barrier Membranes for Masonry Walls
, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
, Ottawa, Ontario
, 02
11
1990
.14.
Quirouette
, Richard L.
: “Difference between a Vapor Barrier and an Air Barrier
,” Building Practice Note
, No. 54, National Research Council of Canada
, Ottawa, Ontario
, 1985
.15.
Kudder
, Robert J.
and Kurt
R. Hoigard
: “Vapor Control and Psychrometric Monitoring in Exterior Walls
,” Water in Exterior Building Walls: Problems and Solutions
, ASTM STP 1107, ASTM International
, West Conshohocken, PA
, 1991
, pp. 124–137.16.
Persily
, Andrew K.
: Development of Thermal Envelope Design Guidelines for Federal Office Buildings
, National Institute of Standards and Technology
, Gaithgersburg, MD
, 10
1990
, pp. 9.17.
Drysdale
, R. G.
and Suter
G. T.
: Exterior Wall Construction in High-Rise Buildings
, Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation
, Ottawa, Ontario
, 1991
.18.
Garden
, G. K.
: “Control of Air Leakage Is Important
,” Canadian Building Digest
, National Research Council of Canada
, Ottawa, Ontario
, CBC-72, 12
1965
.19.
Kudder
, Robert J.
and Kurt
R. Hoigard
: “Construction Details Affecting Wall Condensation
,” Symposium on Air Infiltration, Ventilation and Moisture Transfer
, Building Thermal Envelope Coordinating Council
, Washington, DC
, 1988
.20.
Hershfield
, Morrison
: Air Barrier Systems for Walls of Low-Rise Buildings: Performance and Assessment
, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council of Canada
, Ottawa, Ontario
, 03
1997
, pp. 20.21.
Lux
, M. E.
and Brown
W., C.
: “Air Leakage Control
”, Building Science Insight
, National Research Council of Canada
, Ottawa, Ontario
, 1986
.22.
Achenbach
, Paul R.
“General Construction Principles
,” Moisture Control in Buildings
, ASTM International
, West Conshohocken, PA
, 1994
, pp. 285.23.
Handegord
, G. O.
: “Air Leakage, Ventilation, and Moisture Control in Buildings
,” Moisture Mitigation in Buildings
, ASTM STP 779, ASTM International
, West Conshohocken, PA
, 1982
, pp. 223–233.24.
Tuluca
, Adrian
: “Thermal Bridges in Buildings
,” The Construction Specifier
, Construction Specifications Institute
, Alexandria, VA
, 10
1996
, pp. 38–46.25.
Grimm
, Clayford T.
: Recommended Metal Connectors for Clay Brick and Concrete Masonry: Anchors, Ties, and Fasteners
, The Masonry Society
, Boulder, CO
, in publication26.
Harper
, R. J.
and Colonna
J. A.
: “Design and Construction of a Continuous Air Barrier in Masonry Cavity Wall Construction
,” Proceedings of the 4th Canadian Masonry Symposium
, University of New Brunswick
, Fredericton, NB
, Vol. 1
, 1986
. pp. 188–202.27.
Sealants: The Professionals' Guide
, Sealant, Waterproofing & Restoration Institute
, Kansas City, MO
, 1995
.28.
Contreras
, A. G.
and Palfey
A. J.
: “Thermal Resistance of Insulated Brick Veneer Walls with Reflective and Non-reflective Air Spaces
,” Thermal Insulation, Materials, and Systems for Energy Conservation in the '80s
, ASTM STP 789. ASTM International
, West Conshohocken, PA
, 1983
, pp. 373–383.29.
“
Brick Masonry Rain Screen Walls
,” Technical Notes on Brick Construction
, No. 27, Brick Institute of America
, Reston, VA
, 05
1994
.30.
“
Vapor Retarder
”, International Building Code
, Section 1403.3, International Code Council, Inc., International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA
, 2000
, pp. 266.31.
National Building Code of Canada
, National Research Council of Canada
, Ottawa, Ontario
, Sections 5.4, 5.5, 9.25.3, and 9.25.4, 1995
.
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