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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Masonry: Opportunities for the 21st Century
By
D Throop
D Throop
1Diane Throop PE, LLC
Symposium Co-chair and STP Editor
Search for other works by this author on:
RE Klingner
RE Klingner
2
Symposium Co-chair and STP Editor
?
The University of Texas
at
Austin
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN-10:
0-8031-3450-9
ISBN:
978-0-8031-3450-8
No. of Pages:
295
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
2002

This paper discusses prevention of interstitial condensation in masonry walls due to infiltration of warm moist air into air-conditioned buildings in summer and exfiltration of warm moist air in winter. The following aspects of the problem are discussed: air pressure differentials due to wind, stack effect, and mechanical ventilation; air leakage, modes, and test methods; climate effects; air barriers, insulation materials, and their placement in cavity walls, veneer walls, and single wythe walls; methods for sealing cracks and joints; and building code requirements. Thirty-one references are cited.

1.
Grimm
,
Clayford T.
: “
Water Permeance of Masonry Walls: A Review of the Literature
,”
Masonry: Materials, Properties, and Performance
, ASTM STP 778,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
1982
, pp. 178–199.
2.
Heiman
,
J. L.
: “
An Evaluation of Methods of Treating Rising Damp
,”
Moisture Mitigation in Buildings
, ASTM STP 779,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
1982
, pp. 121–137.
3.
Ashurst
,
John
and
Nicola
Ashurst
:
Practical Building Conservation-Brick, Terracotta, and Earth
,
Halsted Press
,
New York, NY
,
1988
, pp. 2–9.
4.
Condensation Control in Concrete Masonry Walls
,”
NCMA TEK
, No. 6-17A,
National Concrete Masonry Association
,
Herndon, VA
,
2000
.
5.
Moisture Resistance in Brick Masonry Walls — Condensation Analysis
,”
Technical Notes on Brick Construction
, No. 7D,
Brick Institute of America
,
Reston, VA
,
05
1988
.
6.
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
,
Atlanta, GA
,
2001
, pp. 23.15 and 26.13.
7.
Diuigi
,
James A.
: “
Architectural Design
,”
Mold and Mildew in Hotel and Motel Guest Rooms in Hot and Humid Climates
,
The Hospitality Lodging & Travel Research Foundation
,
Washington, DC
,
1991
, pp. 32.
8.
Boelens
,
Theodore
: “
Introduction
,”
Mold and Mildew in Hotel and Motel Guestrooms in Hot and Humid Climates
,
The Hospitality Lodging & Travel Research Roundation
,
Washington, DC
,
1991
, pp. 1–4.
9.
Lotz
,
William A.
: “
Vapor Barriers in Masonry Construction
”,
Masonry Construction
,
Addison
,
IL
,
10
1991
, pp. 403–404.
10.
Quirouette
,
Richard L.
: “
Technics: Air and Vapor Barriers
,”
Progressive Architecture
, New York, NY,
09
1991
, pp. 45–51.
11.
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
, ASCE 7-98,
American Society of Civil Engineers
,
Reston, VA
,
1998
.
12.
Wilson
,
A. G.
and
Tamura
G. T.
: “
Stack Effect in Buildings
”,
Canadian Building Digest
,
National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa, Ontario
, CBD-104,
1968
.
13.
Hildebrand
,
G.
:
Development of Test Procedures and Methods to Evaluate Air Barrier Membranes for Masonry Walls
,
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
,
Ottawa, Ontario
,
02
11
1990
.
14.
Quirouette
,
Richard L.
: “
Difference between a Vapor Barrier and an Air Barrier
,”
Building Practice Note
, No. 54,
National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa, Ontario
,
1985
.
15.
Kudder
,
Robert J.
and
Kurt
R. Hoigard
: “
Vapor Control and Psychrometric Monitoring in Exterior Walls
,”
Water in Exterior Building Walls: Problems and Solutions
, ASTM STP 1107,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
1991
, pp. 124–137.
16.
Persily
,
Andrew K.
:
Development of Thermal Envelope Design Guidelines for Federal Office Buildings
,
National Institute of Standards and Technology
,
Gaithgersburg, MD
,
10
1990
, pp. 9.
17.
Drysdale
,
R. G.
and
Suter
G. T.
:
Exterior Wall Construction in High-Rise Buildings
,
Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation
,
Ottawa, Ontario
,
1991
.
18.
Garden
,
G. K.
: “
Control of Air Leakage Is Important
,”
Canadian Building Digest
,
National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa, Ontario
, CBC-72,
12
1965
.
19.
Kudder
,
Robert J.
and
Kurt
R. Hoigard
: “
Construction Details Affecting Wall Condensation
,”
Symposium on Air Infiltration, Ventilation and Moisture Transfer
,
Building Thermal Envelope Coordinating Council
,
Washington, DC
,
1988
.
20.
Hershfield
,
Morrison
:
Air Barrier Systems for Walls of Low-Rise Buildings: Performance and Assessment
,
Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa, Ontario
,
03
1997
, pp. 20.
21.
Lux
,
M. E.
and
Brown
W., C.
: “
Air Leakage Control
”,
Building Science Insight
,
National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa, Ontario
,
1986
.
22.
Achenbach
,
Paul R.
General Construction Principles
,”
Moisture Control in Buildings
,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
1994
, pp. 285.
23.
Handegord
,
G. O.
: “
Air Leakage, Ventilation, and Moisture Control in Buildings
,”
Moisture Mitigation in Buildings
, ASTM STP 779,
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
1982
, pp. 223–233.
24.
Tuluca
,
Adrian
: “
Thermal Bridges in Buildings
,”
The Construction Specifier
,
Construction Specifications Institute
,
Alexandria, VA
,
10
1996
, pp. 38–46.
25.
Grimm
,
Clayford T.
:
Recommended Metal Connectors for Clay Brick and Concrete Masonry: Anchors, Ties, and Fasteners
,
The Masonry Society
,
Boulder, CO
, in publication
26.
Harper
,
R. J.
and
Colonna
J. A.
: “
Design and Construction of a Continuous Air Barrier in Masonry Cavity Wall Construction
,”
Proceedings of the 4th Canadian Masonry Symposium
,
University of New Brunswick
,
Fredericton, NB
, Vol.
1
,
1986
. pp. 188–202.
27.
Sealants: The Professionals' Guide
,
Sealant, Waterproofing & Restoration Institute
,
Kansas City, MO
,
1995
.
28.
Contreras
,
A. G.
and
Palfey
A. J.
: “
Thermal Resistance of Insulated Brick Veneer Walls with Reflective and Non-reflective Air Spaces
,”
Thermal Insulation, Materials, and Systems for Energy Conservation in the '80s
, ASTM STP 789.
ASTM International
,
West Conshohocken, PA
,
1983
, pp. 373–383.
29.
Brick Masonry Rain Screen Walls
,”
Technical Notes on Brick Construction
, No. 27,
Brick Institute of America
,
Reston, VA
,
05
1994
.
30.
Vapor Retarder
”,
International Building Code
, Section 1403.3, International Code Council, Inc., International Conference of Building Officials,
Whittier, CA
,
2000
, pp. 266.
31.
National Building Code of Canada
,
National Research Council of Canada
,
Ottawa, Ontario
, Sections 5.4, 5.5, 9.25.3, and 9.25.4,
1995
.
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