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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
The Use of and Need for Preservation Standards in Architectural Conservation
By
LB Sickels-Taves
LB Sickels-Taves
1
Architectural Conservator Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village
?
Dearborn, MI Symposium Chairman and Editor
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-2606-9
ISBN:
978-0-8031-2606-0
No. of Pages:
247
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1999

Over the last ten years the United States has begun to adopt a wide variety of protective and corrective European and Asian ground treatment and intervention methods both to minimize the risk to vulnerable structures during adjacent construction and to stop on-going settlement of existing buildings. This paper introduces the basics of two of the most popular techniques (micropiles and jet grouting), outlines their usefulness around historic properties, and emphasizes the need for standards for these methods.

1.
Lizzi
,
F.
,
The Static Restoration of Monuments: Basic Criteria--Case Histories Strengthening of Buildings Damaged by Earthquakes
, Sagep,
1982
, 146 pp.
2.
Hausmann
,
M.R.
,
Engineering Principles of Ground Modification
.
NY
:
McGraw-Hill
,
1990
.
3.
Laefer
,
D.
Micropiles: State of Technology Report
Publication Number FHWA-RD-96-204,
1997
, 471 pp.
4.
Munfakh
,
G.A.
,
Abramson
,
L.W.
,
Barksdale
,
R.D.
, and
Juran
,
I.
, “
Insitu Reinforcement
Soil Improvement -- A Ten Year Update
.
Welsh
J.P.
, Ed.,
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Committee on Placement and Improvement of Soils
. Soil Improvement,
Atlantic City, NJ
,
28
04
1987
, pp. 35–55.
5.
Johnson
,
E.G.
and
Schoenwolf
,
D.A.
, “
Foundation Considerations for the Expansion and Renovation for the Hynes Auditorium
.”
Journal of Boston Civil Engineering Practice
. Vol.
2
No.
2
,
1987
, pp. 35–62.
6.
Flick
,
L.D.
,
Nigel
,
B.R.
,
Osborn
,
A.E.
,
Graham
,
A.E.
,
Marasa
,
M.J.
and
Tobey
,
F.T.
, “
Minipile Milestone in Memphis
.”
Civil Engineering
. Sept., 1992, 4 pp.
7.
Groneck
,
P.B.
,
Bruce
,
D.A.
,
Greenman
,
J.H.
, and
Bingham
,
G.
, “
Pin Piles Save Silos
.”
Civil Engineering
, Sept., pp. 66–68.
8.
Nicholson
,
P.J.
, “
Pinpiles for Structural Underpinning
.”
Internal item
, 12 pp.,
1992
.
9.
Andromalos
,
K.B.
and
Pettit
,
P.J.
, “
Jet Grouting: Snail's Pace of Adoption
.”
Civil Engineering
; Dec, 1986, pp. 40–43.
10.
GKN Hayward Baker
, “
Corporate Literature: Jet Grouting the Soilcrete Process
.”
1993
11.
Aurilio
,
G.
, “
In Situ Ground Reinforcement with Root Piles
.”
Soil Improvement-A Ten Year Update
,
Welsh
J.P.
, Ed.,
ASCE Committee on Placement and Improvement of Soils. Soil Improvement
,
Atlantic City, NJ
,
28
04
1987
.
12.
Bruce
,
D.A.
, “
Aspects of Minipiling Practice in the United States
.”
Ground Engineering Magazine
, Nov., 1988, pp. 20–33 and Jan., 1989, pp. 35–39.
13.
Nicholson Construction Corporation
: Corporate Literature, Pin Piles,
1993
.
14.
Pearlman
,
S.L.
and
Wolosick
,
J.R.
, “
Pin Piles for Bridge Foundations
.”
Presented at 9th Annual International Bridge Conference
,
Pittsburgh, PA
Jun. 15–17, 1992, 8 pp.
15.
Bell
,
A.L.
, “
Jet Grouting
.”
Ground Improvement
,
Moseley
M.P.
, Ed.,
Boca Raton, Florida
:
Blackie Academic
,
1993
, pp. 149–172.
16.
CEN/TC 288/WG 7 N 015 E,
European Standard on Jet-Grouting
,
1995
.
17.
Kauschinger
,
J.L
,
Perry
,
E.B.
, and
Hankour
,
R.
, “
Jet-Grouting: State-of-Practice
.”
Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics
,
Borden
R.H.
,
Holtz
R.D.
, and
Juran
I.
, Eds., ASCE Geotechnical Publication No. 30. New Orleans, LA, Feb. 25–28, 1992, pp. 169–181.
18.
Harris
,
R.R.W.
and
Morey
,
J
, “
Construction of a Jet Mix Cut-Off for Thika Dam, Kenya
.”
Proceedings of the Conference Grouting in the Ground
,
Bell
A.L.
, Ed., London, UK, November, 1992.
Institute of Civil Engineers (ICE)
,
London
:
Thomas Telford
,
London
, Paper 29, pp. 487–496.
19.
Covil
,
C.S.
and
Skinner
,
A.E.
, “
Jet Grouting -- a Review of Some of the Operating Parameters that Form the Basis of the Jet Grouting Process
.”
Conference Proceedings
.
Bell
A. L.
, Ed.,
London, UK
,
ICE
,
London
:
Thomas Telford
,
London
,
1992
, pp. 525–538.
20.
Winterkorn
,
H.F.
and
Pamukcu
,
S.
, “
Soil Stabilization and Grouting
.”
Foundation Engineering Handbook
, 2nd ed.,
Fang
H.
, Ed.
NY
:
Reinhold Van Nostrand
,
1990
.
21.
Newman
,
R.L
,
Essler
,
R.D.
, and
Covil
,
C.S.
, “
Jet Grouting to Enable Basement Construction in Difficult Ground Conditions
.”
Proceedings of the Conference Grouting in the Ground
,
Bell
A.L.
, Ed.,
London, UK
, Nov., 1992.
ICE
,
London
:
Thomas Telford
,
London
, Paper 29, pp. 487–496.
22.
Kauschinger
,
J.L.
and
Welsh
,
J.P.
, “
Jet Grouting for Urban Construction
.”
Proceedings of the 1989 Seminar Design, Construction and Performance of Deep Excavation in Urban Areas
,
Boston
:
Boston Society of Civil Engineers Section̸ ASCE
,
1989
, 60 pp.
23.
Huck
,
P.J.
and
Waller
,
M.J.
, “
Grout Monitoring and Control
.” Grouting in Geotechnical Engineering.
Baker
Wallace Hayward
, Ed.,
Conference Proceedings
,
New Orleans, LA
, Feb. 10–12,
NY
:
ASCE
,
1982
, 199 pp.
24.
Jefferies
,
M.G.
,
Rogers
,
B.T.
and
Reades
,
D.W.
, “
Electric Monitoring of Grouting
.” Grouting in Geotechnical Engineering.
Baker
Wallace Hayward
, Ed.,
Conference Proceedings
,
New Orleans, LA
, Feb. 10–12,
NY
:
ASCE
,
1982
, pp. 769–780.
25.
Welsh
,
J. P.
, “
Grouting Techniques for Excavation Support
.” Excavation and Support for the Urban Infrastructure,
O’Rourke
T.D.
and
Hobelman
A.G.
, Eds.,
Proceedings of a session sponsored by the Geotechnical Engineering Division at the ASCE International Convention and Exposition
, Sept. 14–15 in
NY
,
NY
,
Geotechni cal Publication
, No.
33
,
1992
, pp. 240–262.
26.
Gallavresi
,
F.
, “
Grouting Improvement of Foundation Soils
.”
Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics
,
Borden
R.H.
,
Holtz
R.D.
, and
Juran
I.
, Eds.,
ASCE Geotechnical Publication
No. 30.
New Orleans, LA
, Feb. 25–28,1992, pp. 1–38.
27.
Burke
,
G.K.
,
Johnsen
,
L.F.
, and
Heller
,
R.A.
, “
Jet Grouting for Underpinning and Excavation Support
.”
Foundation Engineering: Current Principles and Practices
,
Kulhawy
F.H.
, Ed., Proceedings of the 1989 ASCE Foundation Engineering Congress,
Evanston, IL
, June 25–29, 1989.
NY
:
ASCE
, pp. 291–300.
28.
Tornaghi
,
R.
and
Cippo
,
A.P.
, “
Soil Improvement by Jet Grouting for the Solution of Tunnelling Problems
.”
Proc. of the 4th International Symposium Tunnelling ‘85
.
Institution of Mining and Metallurgy
,
England
, Mar. 10–15, 1985, 9 pp.
29.
Shibazaki
,
M.
and
Ohta
,
S.
, “
A Unique Underpinning of Soil Solidification Utilizing Super-High Pressure Liquid Jet
.”
Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics
,
Borden
R.H.
,
Holtz
R.D.
, and
Juran
I.
, Eds., ASCE Special Geotechnical Publication No. 30. New Orleans, LA, Feb. 25–28, 1992, pp. 680–693.
30.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
.
State Building Code
4th ed.,
1984
.
31.
Baker
Hayward
, “
Jet Grouting Specifications: Underpinning and̸or Excavation
.”
1991
.
32.
Mascardi
,
C
, “
Design Criteria and Performance of Micropiles
.”
Symposium on Soil and Rock Improvement
.
AIT
,
Bangkok
, Nov. 29–Dec. 3, 1982, Paper D-3, 18 pp.
33.
Attwood
,
S.
, “
Pali Radice: Their Uses in Stabilizing Existing Retaining Walls, and Creating Cast In-Situ Retaining Structures
.”
Ground Engineering
 0017-4653, Vol.
20
, No.
7
,
1987
, pp. 23–27.
34.
Bruce
,
D.A.
and
Juran
,
I.
,
Drilled and Grouted Micropiles: State-of-Practice Review
. Report FHWA-RD-96-016,
1997
.
35.
Ford
,
C.J.
and
Chartres
,
R.
, “
Monitoring Bored Cast-in-Place Piles Installation Beneath an Historic Castle
.”
Piling European Practice and Worldwide Trends
,
Sand
M.J.
, Ed., Conf. Proceedings, Apr. 7–9,1992,
ICE
,
London England
, pp. 262–268.
36.
Koreck
,
W.
, “
Small Diameter Bored Injection Piles
.”
Ground Engineering
 0017-4653. Vol.
11
, No.
4
, May, 1978, pp. 14–20.
37.
Lizzi
,
F.
, “
Pali Radice Structures
.”
Underpinning and Retention
,
Thornburn
S.
and
Littlejohn
S.
, Eds.,
Blackie Academic and Professional
,
Scotland
,
1993
, pp. 84–156.
38.
Weltman
,
A.
A Review of Micro Pile Types
.”
Ground Engineering
 0017-4653, May, 1981, pp. 43–49.
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