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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Techniques to Assess the Corrosion Activity of Steel Reinforced Concrete Structures
By
NS Berke
NS Berke
1
Co-editor and Chairman
, G01.14 on Rebar Corrosion,
Grace Construction Products
.
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E Escalante
E Escalante
Editor
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CK Nmai
CK Nmai
Editor
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D Whiting
D Whiting
Editor
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-2009-5
ISBN:
978-0-8031-2009-9
No. of Pages:
203
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1996

The increasing amount of structures presenting distress due to reinforcement corrosion is urging the establishment of more accurate calculation methods for the service life of concrete structures. In the present paper, a summary of the different approaches is presented that are able to calculate the expected life of new structures, in certain aggressive environments or the residual life of already corroding structures. The methods are based on the proper calculation of the carbonation front or chloride penetration and on the steel corrosion rate.

1.
Valenta
,
O.
, “
General Analysis of the methods of testing the durability of concrete
,”
Rilem Symposium of Durability of Concrete
. Paper A-3, Vol.
1
(
1969
).
2.
Fagerlund
,
F.
, “
Prediction of the service life of concrete exposed to frost action
,” Studies on Concrete Technology -
Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Inst.
Stockholm
, (
1979
): pp. 249–276.
3.
Tuutti
,
K.
, “
Corrosion of steel in concrete
,”
Swedish Cement and Concrete Institute (CIB)
n∘ 4-82.
Stockholm
(
1982
).
4.
Masters
,
L.
, “
Prediction of service life of building materials and components
,”
Materials and Structures
. Vol.
19
n∘
114
, (
1986
): pp. 417–422.
5.
Bakker
,
R.
, “
Prediction of service life reinforcement in concrete under different climatic conditions at given cover
,” Corrosion and Protection of Steel in Concrete International Conference,
Sheffield (UK)
,
Swamy
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Ed., (
1964
)
6.
Parrott
,
L.J.
Design for avoiding damage due to carbonation - induced corrosion
,” SP-145-15 International Congress on Durability of Concrete,
Nice (France)
-
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-
Malhotia
Ed., (
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): pp. 283–298.
7.
Clifton
,
J.
, “
Methods for predicting remaining life of concrete in structures
”. Report NISTIR 4954
NIST-US Dept. of Commerce
- USA (
1992
).
8.
Hedenbland
,
G.
, “
Determination of moisture permeability in concrete under high moisture conditions,
” Nordic Concrete Research. Publication n∘ 7.
Norwegian Concrete Ass.
Oslo
, (
1988
).
9.
Mangat
,
P.S.
,
Molloy
,
B.T.
, “
Prediction of long term chloride concentration in concrete
”.
Materials and Structures
, vol.
27
,
1994
, pp.338–346.
10.
Sdetta
,
A.V.
,
Scotta
,
R.V.
,
Vitaliani
,
R.V.
, “
Analysis of chloride diffusion into partially saturated concrete
,”
ACI Materials Journal
 0889-325X, (
1993
): pp. 441–451
11.
Andrade
,
C.
, “
Calculation of chloride diffusion coefficients in concrete from ionic migration measurements
”,
Cement and Concrete Research
 0008-8846. Vol.
28
, n∘
3
, (
1993
): pp. 724–742
12.
Alonso
,
C.
,
Andrade
,
C.
, “
Life time of rebars in carbonated concrete
”, Progress in the understanding and prevention of corrosion, Ed.
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,
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and
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., vol.
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, (
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) pp. 634–641
13.
Andrade
,
C.
,
Alonso
,
C.
,
García
,
D.
and
Rodriguez
,
J.
Remaining life time of reinforced concrete structures: Effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of the steel
”. Symposium on Life Prediction of corrodible structures.
Cambridge (U.K.)
(
1991
).
14.
Andrade
,
C.
, “
Corrosion of reinforcement and its inspection in High Alumina Cement
,” (in Spanish),
Informes de la Construcción.
(Madrid) Vol.
44
n∘
422
(Nov–Dec) (1992): pp. 40–48.
15.
Ortega
,
L.M.
,
García
,
A.M.
,
Rodríguez
,
J.
, “
Applicability of rebar corrosion rate measurement to the assessment of High Alumina Cement floors
,” (in Spanish),
Informes de la Construcción
. Vol.
44
n∘
422
(Nov–Dic) (1992): pp. 61–69.
16.
Andrade
,
C.
,
Alonso
,
C.
,
González
,
J.A.
, “
An initial effort to use corrosion rates measurements for estimating rebar durability
,” Corrosion Rates of Steel in Concrete ASTM STP 1065.
Berke
,
Chacher
and
Whithing
D.
(
1990
): pp. 29–37.
17.
Andrade
,
C.
,
Alonso
,
C.
,
Rodríguez
,
J.
, “
Remaining service life of corroding structures
”, IABSE Symposium on Durability,
Lisboa
, (
09
1989
): pp. 359–363.
18.
Andrade
,
C.
,
Alonso
,
C.
,
Petterson
,
K.
,
Sommerville
,
G.
,
Tuutti
,
K.
, “
The practical assessment of damage due to corrosion
,” Concrete Across Borders International Congress,
Odense (Denmark)
, (
06
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): pp. 337–350.
19.
Rodríguez
,
J.
,
Ortega
,
L.M.
,
García
,
A.M.
Assessment of structural elements with corroded reinforcements
,” Corrosion and Protection of steel in concrete, International Congress
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,
Swamy
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Ed, (
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): pp. 171–185.
20.
Fagerlund
,
G.
,
Somerville
,
G.
,
Tuutti
,
K.
, “
The residual service life of concrete exposed to the combined effect of frost attack and reinforcement corrosion
”, Concrete Across Borders International Congress,
Odense (Denmark)
, pp. 351.
21.
Andrade
,
C.
,
González
,
J.A.
, “
Quantitative measurements of corrosion rate of reinforcing bars embedded in concrete by polarizartion resistance measurements
”,
Werkstoffe und Corrosion
29
. (
1978
): pp. 515–519
22.
Alonso
,
C.
,
Andrade
,
C.
,
Rodríguez
,
J.
,
Casal
,
J.
,
García
,
A.M.
, “
Rebar Corrosion steel time to cover craking
,” Concrete Across Borders, International Conference -
Odense (Demark)
(1994): pp. 301–319.
23.
Comité Eurointercontinental du Beton (CEB)
-
Bulletin
162
- “
Durable concretes structures
24.
Siemes
,
A.J.M.
,
Vrouwenvelder
,
A.C.
,
Van den Beukel
,
A.
, “
Durability of buildings: a reliability analysis
”,
Heron
 0046-7316 
30
, n∘
3
,
1985
.
25.
Andrade
,
C.
 et al
Inspección de obras dañadas por corrosión de armaduras
”, Edt.
ACUR. CSIC
, (
1989
) pp 5–12.
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