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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials
By
P Klieger
P Klieger
editor
Search for other works by this author on:
JF Lamond
JF Lamond
editor
Search for other works by this author on:
ISBN-10:
0-8031-2053-2
ISBN:
978-0-8031-2053-2
No. of Pages:
629
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1994

Air-entraining admixtures were first discussed in ASTM STP 169, in 1956, by Carl E. Wuerpel of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Subsequent chapters by the present writer appeared in ASTM STP 169A in 1966, and in ASTM STP 169B in 1978.

1.
Gonnerman
,
H. F.
, “
Air-Entrained Concrete, A Look at the Record
,”
Consulting Engineer
,
10
1954
, pp. 52–61.
2.
Swayze
,
M. A.
, “
More Durable Concrete With Treated Cement
,”
Engineering News-Record
 0013-807X, Vol.
126
,
19
06
1941
, pp. 946–949.
3.
Hansen
,
W. C.
, “
History of Air-Entraining Cements
,”
Proceedings, American Concrete Institute
, Vol.
58
, pp. 243–245; also,
Hansen
,
W. C.
,
Concrete Briefs
,
08
1961
.
4.
Halstead
W. J.
and
Chaiken
,
B.
, “
Chemical Analysis and Sources of Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
,”
Public Roads
 0033-3735, Vol.
27
, No.
12
,
02
1954
, pp. 268–278.
5.
Rixom
,
M. R.
, “
Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
,”
Wiley
,
New York
,
1978
.
6.
Dodson
,
V. H.
,
Concrete Admixtures
,
Van Nostrand Reinhold
,
New York
,
1990
.
7.
Lerch
,
W.
, “
Basic Principles of Air-Entrained Concrete
,”
Research Laboratories, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
,
1950
.
8.
Bruere
,
G. M.
, “
Relative Importance of Various Physical and Chemical Factors on Bubble Characteristics in Cement Paste
,”
Australian Journal of Applied Science
, Vol.
12
, No.
1
,
03
1961
, pp. 78–86.
9.
Powers
,
T. C.
, “
A Working Hypothesis for Further Studies of Frost Resistance of Concrete
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
02
1945
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
41
, pp. 245–272; Discussion by
Terzaghi
R. D.
,
McHenry
D.
,
Brewer
H. W.
,
Collins
A.
, and
Powers
T. C.
,
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
11
1945
, Supplement;
Proceedings
, Vol.
41
, pp. 272-1 to 272-20; Bulletin No. 5A,
Research Department, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
.
10.
Powers
,
T. C.
, “
The Air Requirement of Frost Resistant Concrete
,”
Proceedings, Highway Research Board
, Vol.
29
,
1949
, pp. 184–211;
Bulletin No. 33
,
Research Department, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
.
11.
Powers
,
T. C.
, “
Void Spacing as a Basis for Producing Air-Entrained Concrete
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
05
1954
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
50
, pp. 741–760; Bulletin No. 49,
Research Department, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
.
12.
Powers
,
T. C.
and
Helmuth
,
R. A.
, “
Theory of Volume Changes in Hardened Portland Cement Paste During Freezing
,”
Proceedings, Highway Research Board
, Vol.
32
,
1953
;
Bulletin No. 46
,
Research and Development Laboratories, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
.
13.
Mielenz
,
R. C.
,
Wolkodoff
,
V. E.
,
Backstrom
,
J. E.
, and
Flack
,
H. L.
, “
Origin, Evolution, and Effects of the Air Void System in Concrete. Part 1—Entrained Air in Unhardened Concrete
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
07
1958
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
55
;
Mielenz
,
R. C.
,
Wolkodoff
,
V. E.
,
Backstrom
,
J. E.
, and
Flack
,
H. L.
, “
Part 2—Influence of Type and Amount of Air-Entraining Agent
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
08
1958
;
Mielenz
,
R. C.
,
Wolkodoff
,
V. E.
,
Backstrom
,
J. E.
, and
Flack
,
H. L.
,
Proceedings
, Vol.
55
;
Mielenz
,
R. C.
,
Wolkodoff
,
V. E.
,
Backstrom
,
J. E.
, and
Flack
,
H. L.
, “
Part 3—Influence of Water-Cement Ratio and Compaction
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
Detroit, MI
,
10
1958
, and
Proceedings
, Vol.
55
.
14.
Klieger
,
P.
, “
Effect of Entrained Air on Strength and Durability of Concrete Made with Various Maximum Sizes of Aggregate
,”
Proceedings, Highway Research Board
, Vol.
31
,
1952
, pp. 177–201;
Klieger
,
P.
,
Bulletin No. 40
,
Research and Development Laboratory, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
.
15.
Klieger
,
P.
, “
Further Studies on the Effect of Entrained Air on the Strength and Durability of Concrete Made with Various Maximum Sizes of Aggregate
,”
Proceedings, Highway Research Board
, Vol.
34
,
1955
;
Klieger
,
P.
,
Bulletin No. 77
,
Research and Development Laboratory, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
.
16.
Bruere
,
G. M.
, “
Effect of Type of Surface-Active Agent on Spacing Factors and Surface Areas of Entrained Bubbles in Cement Pastes
,”
Australian Journal of Applied Science
, Vol.
11
, No.
2
,
1960
, pp. 289–294.
17.
Bruere
,
G. M.
, “
Air-Entrainment in Concrete
,”
Australian Journal of Applied Science
, Vol.
11
, No.
3
,
1960
, pp. 399–401.
18.
Bruere
,
G. M.
, “
Rearrangement of Bubble Sizes in Air-Entrained Cement Pastes During Setting
,”
Australian Journal of Applied Science
, Vol.
13
, No.
3
,
1962
, pp. 222–227.
19.
Scripture
,
E. W.
, Jr.
,
Hornibrook
,
F. B.
, and
Bryant
,
D. E.
, “
Influence of Size Grading of Sand on Air Entrainment
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
Detroit, MI
,
11
1948
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
45
, pp. 217–228.
20.
Mather
,
K.
, “
Crushed Limestone Aggregates for Concrete
,”
Mining Engineering
,
10
1953
, pp. 1022–1028; Technical Publication No. 36164,
American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
.
21.
Scripture
,
E. W.
, Jr.
, and
Litwinowicz
,
F. J.
, “
Some Factors Affecting Air Entrainment
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
Detroit, MI
,
02
1949
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
45
, pp. 433–442.
22.
Scripture
,
E. W.
, Jr.
,
Benedict
,
S. W.
, and
Litwinowicz
,
F. J.
, “
Effect of Temperature and Surface Area of the Cement on Air Entrainment
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
Detroit, MI
,
11
1951
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
48
, pp. 205–210.
23.
Wright
,
P. J. F.
, “
Entrained Air in Concrete
,”
Proceedings
,
Institute of Civil Engineers
,
London
, Vol.
2
, Part 1,
05
1953
, pp. 337–358.
24.
Greening
,
N. R.
, “
Some Causes for Variation in Required Amount of Air-Entraining Agent in Portland Cement Mortars
,”
Journal, PCA Research and Development Laboratories
,
05
1967
;
Greening
,
N. R.
,
Bulletin No. 213
,
Research and Development Laboratories, Portland Cement Association
,
Skokie, IL
.
25.
Whiting
,
D.
and
Stark
,
D.
, “
Control of Air Content in Concrete
,” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 258,
Transportation Research Board
, Washington, DC,
05
1983
.
26.
Mather
,
B.
, Discussion of “
Investigations Relating to the Use of Fly Ash as a Pozzolanic Material and as an Admixture in Portland-Cement Concrete
,”
Proceedings, American Society for Testing and Materials
, Vol.
54
, pp. 1159–1164.
27.
Malhotra
,
V. M.
and
Carette
,
G. G.
, “
Silica Fume Concrete— Properties, Applications, and Limitations
,”
Concrete International
 0162-4075,
05
1983
.
28.
Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as a Cementitious Constituent in Concrete
,” ACI 226.1R-87,
American Concrete Institute
,
Detroit, MI
,
1987
(now ACI 233).
29.
Gebler
,
S.
and
Klieger
,
P.
, “
Effect of Fly Ash on the Air-Void Stability of Concrete
,”
Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Other Mineral By-Products in Concrete
, SP-79,
American Concrete Institute
,
Detroit, MI
,
1983
.
30.
Use of Fly Ash in Concrete
,” ACI 226.3R-87,
American Concrete Institute
,
Detroit, MI
,
1987
(now ACI 232).
31.
Scripture
,
E. W.
, Jr.
and
Litwinowicz
,
F. J.
, “
Effects of Mixing Time, Size of Batch, and Brand of Cement on Air Entrainment
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
05
1949
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
45
, pp. 653–662.
32.
Higginson
,
E. C.
, “
Some Effects of Vibration and Handling on Concrete Containing Entrained Air
,”
Journal, American Concrete Institute
 0002-8061,
09
1952
;
Proceedings
, Vol.
49
, pp. 1–12.
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