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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres: Fifth Volume
By
J Stoltzfus
J Stoltzfus
1
NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility
?
Las Cruces, New Mexico 88004
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K McIlroy
K McIlroy
2
Union Carbide Industrial Gases, Inc.
Linde Division
Tonawanda, New York 14151
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-1461-3
ISBN:
978-0-8031-1461-6
No. of Pages:
588
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1991

The relative ignitability and flammability of pure lead (Pb), pure tin (Sn), and a series of binary Pb-Sn alloys in liquid and gaseous oxygen was studied. Resistance to ignition by mechanical impact in liquid oxygen was studied using the Standard Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with Liquid Oxygen (the ASTM D-2512 technique) with slight modifications. Flammability was studied using the NASA White Sands Test Facility's (WSTF) promoted combustion tester. There were no reactions in the mechanical impact test for pure Pb, pure Sn, Pb-98.5Sn, Pb-10Sn, Pb-5Sn, and Pb-2Sn. However, the other alloys exhibited between two and six reactions out of twenty impacts. In the promoted combustion test, the threshold oxygen pressure required for complete consumption of a pure Pb sample was about 5 MPa (700 psig), whereas, for all the binary alloys tested and for pure Sn, the value was about 2 MPa (300 psig). The results obtained from the tests have been correlated with the Pb-Sn equilibrium binary phase diagram, the thermophysical properties of Pb-Sn binary alloys, and the thermodynamic properties of the oxides of both Pb and Sn. The chemical segregation characteristics of Pb and Sn in the presence of pure oxygen at high temperatures have been used to explain the results of the promoted combustion tests.

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