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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Geotechnics of Waste Fills—Theory and Practice
By
A Landva
A Landva
1Department of Civil Engineering
University of New Brunswick Fredericton
,
New Brunswick
Canada
E3B 5A3
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GD Knowles
GD Knowles
2
Malcolm Pirnie Inc
?
4 Corporate Plaza Washington Avenue Extension Albany, NY
USA
12203
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-1285-8
ISBN:
978-0-8031-1285-8
No. of Pages:
381
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1990

It should be expected that vertical expansions of ash residue and municipal solid waste landfills in the future will be required to demonstrate an acceptable level of structural stability in addition to meeting other federal and state regulations. In particular, the liner systems of the vertical piggyback expansions should not suffer damage due to settlement of the underlying existing waste material or due to side slope instability.

In May 1987, prior to the development of any New York state or federal regulations addressing the issue of structural stability relative to vertical piggyback expansions, separate ash residue and municipal solid waste vertical expansions were designed by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. for the Town of Islip, New York. A fundamental design consideration was the evaluation of long-term piggyback structural stability. Construction of both piggyback expansions began in September 1987, with substantial completion in August 1988.

The design of both piggybacks evaluated structural stability in the following modes: (1) failure between the various natural and geosynthetic materials comprising the piggyback liner system, (2) deep seated circular failure down through the underlying existing waste material and subgrade and (3) subgrade reinforcement with polyethylene geogrids. Malcolm Pirnie's analyses indicated that several geotechnical parameters were of critical concern for the stability of the Town of Islip's vertical piggyback expansions: (1) bottom liner and existing side slope grades, (2) interface friction angles, (3) type and orientation of the geosynthetics relative to grade, (4) depth of leachate in the drainage layer above the piggyback liner system, and (5) utilization of geogrids for subgrade reinforcement.

The stability analyses which assessed design conditions (1) through (4) utilized the computer program STABL, written at Purdue University for the general solution of slope stability problems. Calculation of factor of safety values against incipient instability of the slope was performed for the sliding block and deep-seated circular failure analysis, using the Modified Bishop's and Simplified Janbu methods, respectively. The results of the structural analyses indicated that a combination of geogrid reinforcement and appropriate design would yield vertical piggyback expansions which would have acceptable structural stabilities over their operational and post-closure lifetimes.

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,
S.K.
,
1974
.
Prediction of Settlement in Landfills for Foundation Design Purposes
, Ph.D. Dissertation,
West Virginia University
, Morgantown, WV, 281 p.
2.
Rao
,
S.K.
,
Moulton
L.K.
and
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,
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. “
Settlement of Refuse Landfills
.” in Proceedings of the Conference of Geotechnical Practice, Disposal of Solid Waste Materials,
Ann Arbor, MI
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3.
Berg
,
R.R.
,
1987
. “
TENSAR Geogrid Reinforcement of Membrane Liner, Islip, New York Landfill. Subgrade Stability Design with Calculations for Malcolm Pirnie
,”
TENSAR, Corp.
,
Morrow, GA
, p. 23.
4.
Bonaparte
,
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and
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,
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. “
The Use of Geosynthetics to Support Roadways Over Sinkhole Prone Areas
,” in Proceedings of the Second Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Environmental Impacts of Karst,”
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5.
Bonaparte
,
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and
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,
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. “
Long-term Allowable Tension for Geosynthetic Reinforcement
,” in Proceedings of the Geosynthetic '87 Conference,
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, p. 181–192.
6.
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,
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. “
Design Guideline for Subgrade Improvement Under Dynamic Loading with Tensar Geogrids
,” TENSAR Technical Note, Morrow, GA, p. 29.
7.
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,
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and
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,
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. “
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,” in Proceedings of Geosynthetic '87 Conference,
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, p. 442–455.
8.
National Sanitation Foundation
,
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. Standard Number 54,
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,
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,
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, 69 pp.
9.
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,
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,
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. “
Liner Systems for Waste Disposal Sites, Geotechnical and Construction Considerations
,” presented at Pennsylvania Electric Association Structures and Hydraulics Committee Fall 1986 Meeting,
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10.
CTC-Geotek
,
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. “
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. Prepared for GUNDLE Lining Systems, Inc.,” Denver, CO, 67 pp.
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,
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,
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. “
Hazardous Waste Landfill Cap System Stability
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,
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, June 15–17, 1987, p. 432–446.
12.
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,
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,
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.
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,
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,
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,
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,
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and
Whitty
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,
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.“
Experimental Friction Evaluation of Slippage Between Geomembranes, Geotextiles, and Soils
,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Geomembranes,
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, p. 191–196.
14.
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,
E.A.
and
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,
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. “
Soil Geotextile Frictional Properties
,” in Proceedings of Second Canadian Symposium on Geotextiles and Geomembranes,
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,
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15.
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,
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,
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and
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,
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. “
Determination of Soil-Geotextile Interface Strength Properties
,” in Proceedings of Second Canadian Symposium on Geotextiles and Geomembranes,
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,
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, September 23–24, 1985, p. 25–34.
16.
Williams
,
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and
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,
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. “
Evaluation of Friction Coefficients between Geomembranes, Geotextiles and Related Products
,” in Proceedings of Third International Conference on Geotextiles,
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, p. 891–896.
17.
Williams
,
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and
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,
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. “
Evaluation of Interface Friction Properties Between Geosynthetics and Soils
,” in Proceedings of Geosynthetic '87 Conference,
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, p. 616–627.
18.
Soil and Material Engineers, Inc.
,
1987
. “
Geosynthetics Testing Services, Direct Shear Friction Testing, Gundle Friction Sheet
,” Prepared for Gundle Lining Systems, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, 5 pp.
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