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ASTM Selected Technical Papers
Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Volume)
By
SP Garbo
SP Garbo
1Sikorsky Aircraft Division,
United Technologies Corp.
,
Stratford, CT 06601
;
symposium chairman and editor
.
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ISBN-10:
0-8031-1287-4
ISBN:
978-0-8031-1287-2
No. of Pages:
598
Publisher:
ASTM International
Publication date:
1990

Recently research has been presented on the use of off-axis tensile tests which have nearly uniform stress states along the specimen gage lengths. The uniformity of the stress state is achieved by optimizing the amount of tab clamping and selectively locating the point about which the clamps rotate. The procedure uses the linear finite-element method. However, the off-axis specimens generally exhibit nonlinear response under axial loading. This nonlinear behavior herein is analytically approximated by applying the load incrementally. Predicted and experimentally determined responses of off-axis specimens are compared. To determine the load-carrying capacity of the specimens, a criterion which is a function of both stresses and strains is used.

1.
Cron
,
S. M.
,
Palazotto
,
A. N.
, and
Sandhu
,
R. S.
, “
The Improvement of End-Boundary Conditions for Off-Axis Tension Specimen Use
,”
Experimental Mechanics
, Vol.
28
, No.
1
,
03
1988
, pp. 14–19.
2.
Cron
,
S. M.
, “
Improvement of End Boundary Conditions for Off-Axis Tension Specimen Use
,” AFIT/GAE/AA/85D-3, M.S. thesis,
School of Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
, OH,
1985
.
3.
Sandhu
,
R. S.
, “
Nonlinear Behavior of Unidirectional and Angle Ply Laminates
,”
Journal of Aircraft
 0021-8669, Vol.
13
, No.
2
,
02
1976
, pp. 104–111.
4.
Sandhu
,
R. S.
, “
Ultimate Strength Analysis of Symmetric Laminates
,” AFFDL-TR-73-137, AD 779927,
Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory
, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH,
02
1974
.
5.
Sandhu
,
R. S.
, “
A Survey of Failure Theories of Isotropic and Anisotropic Materials
,” AFFDL-TR-72-71, AD 756889,
Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory
, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH,
09
1972
.
6.
Rowland
,
R. E.
, “
Strength (Failure) Theories and their Experimental Correlation
,”
Failure Mechanics of Composite
,
Sih
G. C.
and
Skudra
A. M.
, Eds.,
North Holland
,
Amsterdam
,
1985
, pp. 71–125.
7.
Nahas
,
N. M.
, “
Survey of Failure and Post-Failure Theories of Laminated Fiber-Reinforced Composites
,”
ASTM Journal of Composites Technology & Research
, Vol.
8
, No.
4
, Winter
1986
, pp. 138–153.
8.
Sandhu
,
R. S.
,
Gallo
,
R. L.
, and
Sendeckyj
,
G. P.
, “
Initiation and Accumulation of Damage in Composite Laminates
,”
Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Sixth Conference)
, ASTM STP 787,
Daniel
I. M.
, Ed.,
American Society for Testing and Materials
,
Philadelphia
,
1982
, pp. 163–182.
9.
Sandhu
,
R. S.
,
Sendeckyj
,
G. P.
, and
Gallo
,
R. L.
, “
Modelling of Failure Process in Notched Laminates
,” Recent Advances in Mechanics of Composite Materials, IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics of Materials, 16–19 Aug. 1983,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
,
Hashin
Zvi
and
Herakovich
Carl
, Eds.,
Pergamon Press
,
New York
,
1983
, pp. 179–189.
10.
Pipes
,
R. B.
, “
On the Off-Axis Strength Test for Anisotropic Materials
,”
Journal of Composite Materials
, Vol.
7
,
04
1973
, pp. 246–256.
11.
Cole
,
B. W.
, “
Filamentary Composite Laminates Subjected to Biaxial Stress Fields
,” AFFDL-TR-73-115, AD 785362,
Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory
, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH,
06
1974
.
12.
Sandhu
,
R. S.
and
Sendeckyj
,
G. P.
, “
On Design of Off-Axis Specimens
,” AFWAL-TR-84-3098, AD-A154 328,
Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories
, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH,
12
1985
.
13.
Demuts
,
E.
,
Sandhu
,
R. S.
, and
Sendeckyj
,
G. P.
, “
Improved Off-Axis Specimens
,”
Proceedings
, International Symposium on Composite Materials and Structures,
Beijing, China
, 10–13 June 1986.
14.
Pipes
,
R. B.
and
Cole
,
B. W.
, “
On the Off-Axis Tensile Test for Interlaminar Shear Characterization of Fiber Composite
,” NASA TN D-8215,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
,
Washington, DC
,
04
1976
.
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